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Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Online photo sharing is an increasingly popular activity for Internet users. More and more users are now constantly sharing their images in various social media, from social networking sites to online communities, blogs, and content sharing sites. In this article, we present an extensive study exploring privacy and sharing needs of users\u2019 uploaded images. We develop learning models to estimate adequate privacy settings for newly uploaded images, based on carefully selected image-specific features. Our study investigates both visual and textual features of images for privacy classification. We consider both basic image-specific features, commonly used for image processing, as well as more sophisticated and abstract visual features. Additionally, we include a visual representation of the sentiment evoked by images. To our knowledge, sentiment has never been used in the context of image classification for privacy purposes. We identify the smallest set of features, that by themselves or combined together with others, can perform well in properly predicting the degree of sensitivity of users\u2019 images. We consider both the case of binary privacy settings (i.e., public, private), as well as the case of more complex privacy options, characterized by multiple sharing options. Our results show that with few carefully selected features, one may achieve high accuracy, especially when high-quality tags are available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2983644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T12:13:39Z","timestamp":1491221619000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Toward Automated Online Photo Privacy"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Squicciarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Caragea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Texas, Denton, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Balakavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1520340.1520704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Social Discovery Blog. 2012. Pin or not to Pin: An Inside Look. Retrieved from http:\/\/blog.socialdiscovery.org\/tag\/statistics\/.  Social Discovery Blog. 2012. Pin or not to Pin: An Inside Look. Retrieved from http:\/\/blog.socialdiscovery.org\/tag\/statistics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1572532.1572569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASONAM.2009.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2502081.2502282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Bullguard. 2014. Privacy violations the dark side of social media. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bullguard.com\/bullguard-security-center\/internet-security\/social-media-dangers\/privacy-violations-in-social-media.as px.  Bullguard. 2014. Privacy violations the dark side of social media. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bullguard.com\/bullguard-security-center\/internet-security\/social-media-dangers\/privacy-violations-in-social-media.as px."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SISAP.2009.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2295136.2295142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1459359.1459473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2009.5202725"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Content-based image retrieval: Theory and applications","volume":"2","author":"da Silva Torres R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Inf. Te\u00f3r. 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