{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:45:16Z","timestamp":1762980316983,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":82,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2987491.2987523","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T18:16:29Z","timestamp":1476209789000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["ICT Usage in Small and Medium Enterprises"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Busisiwe","family":"Mbuyisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria, Department of Informatics, Hatfield, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Awie","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria, Department of Informatics, Hatfield, South Africa"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adera E O. Waema T.M. May J. Mascarenhas O. and Diga K. (2014). ICT Pathways to poverty reduction: empirical evidence from East and Southern Africa. Practical Action Publishing United Kingdom.  Adera E O. Waema T.M. May J. Mascarenhas O. and Diga K. (2014). ICT Pathways to poverty reduction: empirical evidence from East and Southern Africa. Practical Action Publishing United Kingdom.","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780448152.000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Unintended outcomes in information and communication technology adoption: a micro-level analysis of usage in context","volume":"45","author":"Akpan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Asian and African studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Use and Impact of ICT on SMEs in Oman","volume":"11","author":"Ashrafi R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Electronic Information Systems Evaluations"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Drivers, Benefits and Challenges of ICT Adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A literature review","volume":"5","author":"Barba-Sanchez V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Problems and Perspectives in Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03090590210432660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Good Practice Paper for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction","volume":"6","author":"Batchelor S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The DAC Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Botelho A. and Da Silva Alves A. (2007) Mobile Use\/Adoption by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean Lima: DIRSI (Regional Dialogue on the Information Society).  Botelho A. and Da Silva Alves A. (2007) Mobile Use\/Adoption by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean Lima: DIRSI (Regional Dialogue on the Information Society)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itdj.1590100203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itdj.20005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itdj.20034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Chambers C. and Conway G.R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century. Discussion Paper 296. Institute for Development Studies University of Essex UK. (July 2015) https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/files\/Dp296.pdf  Chambers C. and Conway G.R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century. Discussion Paper 296. Institute for Development Studies University of Essex UK. (July 2015) https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/files\/Dp296.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Chandorkar P. (2013). A systematic review of the determinants and behavior of equity risk premium. Master of Research in management research. Cranfield University  Chandorkar P. (2013). A systematic review of the determinants and behavior of equity risk premium. Master of Research in management research. Cranfield University"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470810864055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Chowdhury S. K. and Wolf S. (2003). Use of ICTs and the economic performance of SMEs in East Africa. Discussion Paper No. 2003\/06. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/files\/153\/9316107.pdf  Chowdhury S. K. and Wolf S. (2003). Use of ICTs and the economic performance of SMEs in East Africa. Discussion Paper No. 2003\/06. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/files\/153\/9316107.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-750X(98)00120-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00242539610115263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Duncombe R and Heeks R. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's) Poverty Reduction and Micro Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs). A Framework for understanding ICT applications for MSMEs in developing countries. Paper presented at a panel at the World Summit on the Information Society Tunis 16-18 November 2005  Duncombe R and Heeks R. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's) Poverty Reduction and Micro Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs). A Framework for understanding ICT applications for MSMEs in developing countries. Paper presented at a panel at the World Summit on the Information Society Tunis 16-18 November 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duncombe R. (2007). Using the Livelihoods Framework to Analyze ICT Applications for Poverty Reduction through Microenterprises. Information Technologies and International Development 3 3 (Spring 2006) 81--100. DOI = http:\/\/doi.org\/abs\/10.1162\/itid.2007.3.3.81  Duncombe R. (2007). Using the Livelihoods Framework to Analyze ICT Applications for Poverty Reduction through Microenterprises. Information Technologies and International Development 3 3 (Spring 2006) 81--100. DOI = http:\/\/doi.org\/abs\/10.1162\/itid.2007.3.3.81","DOI":"10.1162\/itid.2007.3.3.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/itid.2007.4.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Frempong G. (2007). Trends in ICT usage by Small and Medium enterprises in Ghana. African Technology development forum journal 4 3--10.  Frempong G. (2007). Trends in ICT usage by Small and Medium enterprises in Ghana. African Technology development forum journal 4 3--10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gigler B. ( 2011). Information Capabilities: The missing Link for the Impact of ICT on development. E-Transform Knowledge Platform working Paper.  Gigler B. ( 2011). Information Capabilities: The missing Link for the Impact of ICT on development. E-Transform Knowledge Platform working Paper.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2191594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Gester R. and Zimmermann S. (2003). Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Reduction? Discussion Paper Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from https:\/\/www.erweiterungsbeitrag.admin.ch\/content\/dam\/deza\/en\/documents\/About_SDC\/resource_en_24102.pdf  Gester R. and Zimmermann S. (2003). Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Reduction? Discussion Paper Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from https:\/\/www.erweiterungsbeitrag.admin.ch\/content\/dam\/deza\/en\/documents\/About_SDC\/resource_en_24102.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-05-2013-0138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Harris R.W. (2004) Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Alleviation. Kuala Lumpur: UNDP-APDIP. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from http:\/\/www.apdip.net\/publications\/iespprimers\/eprimerpov.pdf  Harris R.W. (2004) Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Alleviation. Kuala Lumpur: UNDP-APDIP. Retrieved 01 June 2015 from http:\/\/www.apdip.net\/publications\/iespprimers\/eprimerpov.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240810912783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Herrington M. Kew J. & Kew P. (2010). GEM: Global entrepreneurship monitor. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.  Herrington M. Kew J. & Kew P. (2010). GEM: Global entrepreneurship monitor. Cape Town: University of Cape Town."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Huff A.S. (1999). Writing for Scholarly Publications London: SAGE Publications.  Huff A.S. (1999). Writing for Scholarly Publications London: SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5171\/2011.470652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/itid.2008.00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7679.00162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Enhancing Market Access in Kenyan SMEs using ICT","volume":"2","author":"Kiveu M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Business and Economic Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Kotelnikov V. (2007) Small and Medium Enterprises and ICT United Nations Development Program-Asia Pacific Development Information Program and Asian and Pacific Training Center for Information and Communication Technology for Development Bangkok; accessed 29 September 2013 from http:\/\/www.unapcict.org\/ecohub\/resources\/small-and-medium-enterprises-and-ict  Kotelnikov V. (2007) Small and Medium Enterprises and ICT United Nations Development Program-Asia Pacific Development Information Program and Asian and Pacific Training Center for Information and Communication Technology for Development Bangkok; accessed 29 September 2013 from http:\/\/www.unapcict.org\/ecohub\/resources\/small-and-medium-enterprises-and-ict"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lal K. (2007) Globalization and Adoption of ICTs in Nigerian SMEs Science Technology Society .12 2 217--244.  Lal K. (2007) Globalization and Adoption of ICTs in Nigerian SMEs Science Technology Society .12 2 217--244.","DOI":"10.1177\/097172180701200203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/19426720-01501002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Machacha L. (2002). Impact of Information Technology on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Botwsana Proceedings of Expanding the Horizon of African Business and Development: The International Academy of African Business and Development International Conference (Port Elizabeth South Africa April 3-6) 37--58.  Machacha L. (2002). Impact of Information Technology on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Botwsana Proceedings of Expanding the Horizon of African Business and Development: The International Academy of African Business and Development International Conference (Port Elizabeth South Africa April 3-6) 37--58."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2012.tb00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Marker P. McNamara K and Wallace L. (2002) The Significance of Information and Communication Technologies for Reducing Poverty The Think! Programme Development Policy Department Department of International Development NIIT Ltd. Hole in the Wall available from http:\/\/www.niitholeinthewall.com.  Marker P. McNamara K and Wallace L. (2002) The Significance of Information and Communication Technologies for Reducing Poverty The Think! Programme Development Policy Department Department of International Development NIIT Ltd. Hole in the Wall available from http:\/\/www.niitholeinthewall.com."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_41_1.1","unstructured":"McNamara K.S. (2003). Information and Communication Technologies Poverty and Development: Learning from Experience. Paper presented at infoDev Annual Symposium Geneva 9-10 Dec"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_41_1.2","unstructured":"accessed 01 February 2016 from http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/servlet\/WDSContentServer\/IW3P\/IB\/2004\/10\/04\/000160016_20041004140523\/Rendered\/PDF\/300760PAPER0ICT0Learning0from0Experience.pdf McNamara K.S. (2003). Information and Communication Technologies Poverty and Development: Learning from Experience. Paper presented at infoDev Annual Symposium Geneva 9-10 Dec"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_41_1.3","unstructured":"accessed 01 February 2016 from http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/servlet\/WDSContentServer\/IW3P\/IB\/2004\/10\/04\/000160016_20041004140523\/Rendered\/PDF\/300760PAPER0ICT0Learning0from0Experience.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Melchioly S.R. and Saebo O. (2010). ICT and Development: Nature of Mobile Phone Usage for SMEs' Economic Development -- An exploratory study in Morogoro Tanzania. ICT and Development 1 (March 2010) 1--13  Melchioly S.R. and Saebo O. (2010). ICT and Development: Nature of Mobile Phone Usage for SMEs' Economic Development -- An exploratory study in Morogoro Tanzania. ICT and Development 1 (March 2010) 1--13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Diffusion of ICTs and E-commerce Adoption in Manufacturing SMEs in Kenya","volume":"72","author":"Migiro S.O.","year":"2006","journal-title":"South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science"},{"volume-title":"International Journal of Information and Wireless communications, 1,1, 54--63","year":"2011","author":"Mogotlhwane T.M.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Molony T.S.J. (2005). Food cravings and shelter: The adoption and appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies in Tanzanian Micro and Small enterprises. Dissertation University of Edinburgh.  Molony T.S.J. (2005). Food cravings and shelter: The adoption and appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies in Tanzanian Micro and Small enterprises. Dissertation University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itdj.1590100104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1569150053888254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470610671240"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference ( Port Elizabeth, South Africa, April 3-6), 1--6.","year":"2002","author":"Muuka G.N.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IST Africa Conference, Kampala, Uganda.","year":"2009","author":"Ngasaam E.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Nielinger O. (2003). Fact Sheet: ICT-utilisation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Tanzania\" accessed April 2015 http:\/\/www.ourtanzania.com\/smes%20ICT%20utilisation.pdf.  Nielinger O. (2003). Fact Sheet: ICT-utilisation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Tanzania\" accessed April 2015 http:\/\/www.ourtanzania.com\/smes%20ICT%20utilisation.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Achieving Sustainable Growth through the Adoption of Integrated Business and Information Solutions: A case study of Nigerian small and medium sized enterprises","volume":"6","author":"Ojukwu D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Obstacles to growth of new SMEs in South Africa: A principal component analysis approach","volume":"4","author":"Olawale F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"African Journal of Business Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ongori H. (2009). Role of information communication technologies adoption in SMES: evidence from Botswana. Research Journal of information technology 1 2 79--85.  Ongori H. (2009). Role of information communication technologies adoption in SMES: evidence from Botswana. Research Journal of information technology 1 2 79--85.","DOI":"10.3923\/rjit.2009.79.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17561391011019041"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_56_1.1","unstructured":"Pigato M. (2011). Information and Communication Technology Poverty and Development in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_56_1.2","unstructured":"retrieved 19 September 2013 from http:\/\/0-www-wds.worldbank.org.innopac.up.ac.za\/external\/default\/WDSContentServer\/WDSP\/IB\/2001\/09\/28\/000094946_01091404003925\/Rendered\/PDF\/multi0page.pdf Pigato M. (2011). Information and Communication Technology Poverty and Development in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_56_1.3","unstructured":"retrieved 19 September 2013 from http:\/\/0-www-wds.worldbank.org.innopac.up.ac.za\/external\/default\/WDSContentServer\/WDSP\/IB\/2001\/09\/28\/000094946_01091404003925\/Rendered\/PDF\/multi0page.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh Americas Conference on Information Systems","year":"2005","author":"Qureshi S.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1"},{"volume-title":"International Journal of E-Business research, 5, 1, (January-March","year":"2009","author":"Qureshi S.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14626000310489709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangaswamy N. and Nair S. (2012). The PC in an Indian urban slum: Enterprise and entrepreneurship in ICT4D 2.0. Information and Technology for development 18 (2) 163--180. DOI = http\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02681102.2011.643211  Rangaswamy N. and Nair S. (2012). The PC in an Indian urban slum: Enterprise and entrepreneurship in ICT4D 2.0. Information and Technology for development 18 (2) 163--180. DOI = http\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02681102.2011.643211","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2011.643211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240110410363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"Republic of South Africa. Department of Trade and Industry. (1996). National Small Business Act No 102 of 199; retrieved 24 May 2013 from http:\/\/www.thedti.gov.za\/sme_development\/acts_policies_strat.jsp  Republic of South Africa. Department of Trade and Industry. (1996). National Small Business Act No 102 of 199; retrieved 24 May 2013 from http:\/\/www.thedti.gov.za\/sme_development\/acts_policies_strat.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"Republic of South Africa Department of Small Business Development. (2013). The National Informal Business Upliftment Strategy (NIBUS).  Republic of South Africa Department of Small Business Development. (2013). The National Informal Business Upliftment Strategy (NIBUS)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713698499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12132-005-0015-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14636690310487228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410380610642278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09576050310499318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2007.tb00220.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/097172180801300201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Proactive Marketing and Financial Management for Small and Medium Enterprises","volume":"3","author":"Temtime Z.T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"BIAC Journal of Business, Management and Training"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09578810802245600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14626000410551654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","unstructured":"Torero M. and Braun von Joachim. (2006). Information and Communications Technologies for Development and Poverty Reduction: The Potential of Telecommunications. The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore  Torero M. and Braun von Joachim. (2006). Information and Communications Technologies for Development and Poverty Reduction: The Potential of Telecommunications. The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.00375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390810911212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"Wolf S. (2001). Determinants and Impact of ICT Use for African SMEs: Implications for rural South Africa. Centre for Development Research Tips Forum; retrieved 30 June 2015 from htp:\/\/www.tanzaniagateway.org\/docs\/Determinants_and_Impact_of_ICT_use_for_African_SMEs.pdf  Wolf S. (2001). Determinants and Impact of ICT Use for African SMEs: Implications for rural South Africa. Centre for Development Research Tips Forum; retrieved 30 June 2015 from htp:\/\/www.tanzaniagateway.org\/docs\/Determinants_and_Impact_of_ICT_use_for_African_SMEs.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"Adeya C.N. (2002) ICTs and Poverty: A Literature Review. Ottawa: International. Development Research Centre (IDRC).  Adeya C.N. (2002) ICTs and Poverty: A Literature Review. Ottawa: International. Development Research Centre (IDRC)."}],"event":{"name":"SAICSIT '16: Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists","sponsor":["AWS Amazon Web Services","IBM IBM"],"location":"Johannesburg South Africa","acronym":"SAICSIT '16"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2987491.2987523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2987491.2987523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:40:05Z","timestamp":1750218005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2987491.2987523"}},"subtitle":["The Impact on Poverty Reduction"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2987491.2987523","10.1145\/2987491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2987491.2987523","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-09-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}