{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:11:40Z","timestamp":1779106300444,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In isolated languages, such as Chinese and Vietnamese, words are not separated by spaces, and a word may be formed by one or more syllables. Therefore, word segmentation (WS) is usually the first process that is implemented in the machine translation process. WS in the source and target languages is based on different training corpora, and WS approaches may not be the same. Therefore, the WS that results in these two languages are not often homologous, and thus word alignment results in many 1-n and n-1 alignment pairs in statistical machine translation, which degrades the performance of machine translation. In this article, we will adjust the WS for both Chinese and Vietnamese in particular and for isolated language pairs in general and make the word boundary of the two languages more symmetric in order to strengthen 1-1 alignments and enhance machine translation performance. We have tested this method on the Computational Linguistics Center\u2019s corpus, which consists of 35,623 sentence pairs. The experimental results show that our method has significantly improved the performance of machine translation compared to the baseline translation system, WS translation system, and anchor language-based WS translation systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2988237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T13:40:30Z","timestamp":1478526030000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Word Re-Segmentation in Chinese-Vietnamese Machine Translation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Phuoc","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dien","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VNU University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long H. B.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VNU University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing","author":"Bai Ming-Hong"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/218355.218367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 3rd Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (ACL). 224--232","author":"Chang Pi-Chuan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 16th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. 35--42","author":"Chu Chenhui","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 8th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas. 89--96","author":"DeNeefe Steve","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1620754.1620814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA482158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220575.1220660"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of International Conference on Machine Learning. 282--289","author":"Lafferty J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Vietnamese Vocabulary Having Chinese Origin","author":"Dinh Khan Le."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1613984.1613999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"EACL 2009 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages (HLT-NAACL\u201904)","author":"Ma Yanjun","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING). 815--823","author":"Nguyen ThuyLinh"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Linguistics","author":"Nguyen Thien Giap"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Quantitative Investigations in Theoretical Linguistics (COLING).","author":"Oh Yoon Mi","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1868850.1868910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1075812.1075870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"MMSEG: A word identification system for mandarin chinese text based on two variants of the maximum matching algorithm.","author":"Tsai Chih-Hao","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-2122"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1599081.1599209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"ACL SIGHAN Workshop","author":"Xu Jia","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation. 131--137","author":"Xu Jia","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37256-8_21"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2988237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2988237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1750218007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2988237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2988237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2988237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-4699","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-4702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}