{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:10:08Z","timestamp":1750219808909,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The treatment of complex questions with explanatory answers involves searching for arguments in texts. Because of the prominent role that discourse relations play in reflecting text producers\u2019 intentions, capturing the underlying structure of text constitutes a good instructor in this issue. From our extensive review, a system for automatic discourse analysis that creates full rhetorical structures in large-scale Arabic texts is currently unavailable. This is due to the high computational complexity involved in processing a large number of hypothesized relations associated with large texts. Therefore, more practical approaches should be investigated. This article presents a new Arabic\n            <jats:italic>Text Parser<\/jats:italic>\n            oriented for question-answering systems dealing with \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u201cwhy\u201d and \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u201chow to\u201d questions. The\n            <jats:italic>Text Parser<\/jats:italic>\n            presented here considers the sentence as the basic unit of text and incorporates a set of heuristics to avoid computational explosion. With this approach, the developed question-answering system reached a significant improvement over the baseline with a\n            <jats:italic>Recall<\/jats:italic>\n            of 68% and\n            <jats:italic>MRR<\/jats:italic>\n            of 0.62.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2988238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T13:40:30Z","timestamp":1478526030000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Discourse-Based Approach for Arabic Question Answering"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jawad","family":"Sadek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salford, The Crescent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Meziane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salford, The Crescent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2011.652.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Fatima Al Kohlani. 2010. The Function of Discourse Markers in Arabic Newspaper Opinion Articles. PhD thesis Georgetown University Washington.  Fatima Al Kohlani. 2010. The Function of Discourse Markers in Arabic Newspaper Opinion Articles. PhD thesis Georgetown University Washington."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd CoLogNET. 50--60","year":"2003","author":"Bernardi Raffaella","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"volume-title":"The Handbook of Discourse Analysis.","author":"Blakemore Diane","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Text REtrieval Conference, NIST Special Publication 500-246","year":"2000","author":"Breck Eric","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Simon Corston-Oliver. 1998. Computing Representations of the Structure of Written Discourse. PhD thesis University of California Santa Barbara.   Simon Corston-Oliver. 1998. Computing Representations of the Structure of Written Discourse. PhD thesis University of California Santa Barbara."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"590","article-title":"The translation of arabic \u2018wa\u2019 into English: Some problems and implications","volume":"26","author":"Fareh Shehdeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dirasat: Human and Social Science"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL\u201912)","year":"2012","author":"Feng Vanessa","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/prag.6.2.03fra"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. 1, 418--425","year":"2008","author":"Higashinaka Ryuichiro","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"volume-title":"8th International Conference on Informatics and Systems (INFOS\u201912)","year":"2012","author":"Ibrahim Ahmed","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"volume-title":"MURAX: Finding and organizing answers form text search. Natural Language Information Retrieval. Netherlands, 311--332.","year":"1999","author":"Kupice Julian","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"William Mann and Sandra Thompson. 1988. A rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization. Text-Interdisciplinary Journal for the study of Discourse 8 3 243--281.  William Mann and Sandra Thompson. 1988. A rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization. Text-Interdisciplinary Journal for the study of Discourse 8 3 243--281.","DOI":"10.1515\/text.1.1988.8.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120100561755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel Marcu. 2000b. The Theory and Practice of Discourse Parsing and Summarization. MIT Press London.   Daniel Marcu. 2000b. The Theory and Practice of Discourse Parsing and Summarization. MIT Press London.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6754.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2008.713.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2800786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38824-8_48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31178-9_52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326950dp2901_3"},{"volume-title":"Discourse Markers: Language, Meaning, and Context","year":"2001","author":"Schiffrin Deborah","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Bernard Schneuwly. 1997. Textual organizers and text types: Ontogenetic aspects in writing. Processing Interclausal Relationships: Studies in the Production and Comprehension of Text 245--263.  Bernard Schneuwly. 1997. Textual organizers and text types: Ontogenetic aspects in writing. Processing Interclausal Relationships: Studies in the Production and Comprehension of Text 245--263."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539109544773"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of NTCIR-6 Workshop Meeting","year":"2007","author":"Shima Hideki","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073475"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACL\u201908","year":"2008","author":"Surdeanu Mihai","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Daphne Theijssen. 2007. Feature for Automatic Discourse Analysis of Paragraphs. Master's thesis. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen The Netherlands.  Daphne Theijssen. 2007. Feature for Automatic Discourse Analysis of Paragraphs. Master's thesis. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Sander Timmerman. 2007. Automatic Recognition of Structural Relations in Dutch Text. Master's thesis. University of Twente The Netherlands.  Sander Timmerman. 2007. Automatic Recognition of Structural Relations in Dutch Text. Master's thesis. University of Twente The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Suzan Verberne Lou Boves and Nelleke Osstdijk. 2007. Discourse-based answering of why-questions. Traitement Automatique Des Langues Special Issue on Computational Approaches to Discourse and Document Processing 47 2 21--41.  Suzan Verberne Lou Boves and Nelleke Osstdijk. 2007. Discourse-based answering of why-questions. Traitement Automatique Des Langues Special Issue on Computational Approaches to Discourse and Document Processing 47 2 21--41."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"William Wright and Paul Caspari. 1896. A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Cambridge University Press UK.  William Wright and Paul Caspari. 1896. A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Cambridge University Press UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Mai Zaki 2011. The Semantics and Pragmatics of Demonstratives in English and Arabic. PhD thesis University of Middlesex.  Mai Zaki 2011. The Semantics and Pragmatics of Demonstratives in English and Arabic. PhD thesis University of Middlesex."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2988238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2988238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1750218007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2988238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2988238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2988238","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2375-4699"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2375-4702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}