{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:48:03Z","timestamp":1772164083122,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":34,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["647544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2989225.2989227","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T10:16:42Z","timestamp":1477045002000},"page":"13-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Type unsoundness in practice: an empirical study of Dart"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Mezzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Strocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44202-9_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages","author":"Bracha G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"G. Bracha . Pluggable type systems . In OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages , 2004 . G. Bracha. Pluggable type systems. In OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The Dart Programming Language","author":"Bracha G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"G. Bracha . The Dart Programming Language . Addison-Wesley , 2015 . G. Bracha. The Dart Programming Language. Addison-Wesley, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Why Dart types are optional and unsound","author":"Brandt E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"E. Brandt . Why Dart types are optional and unsound , 2011 . https: \/\/www.dartlang.org\/articles\/why-dart-types\/. E. Brandt. Why Dart types are optional and unsound, 2011. https: \/\/www.dartlang.org\/articles\/why-dart-types\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"2236","volume-title":"The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook","author":"Cardelli L.","unstructured":"L. Cardelli . Type systems . In The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook , pages 2208\u2013 2236 . CRC Press, 1997. L. Cardelli. Type systems. In The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, pages 2208\u20132236. CRC Press, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46081-8_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"4th Edition","author":"International Ecma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ecma International . Dart Programming Language Specification, ECMA-408 , 4th Edition , December 2015 . Ecma International. Dart Programming Language Specification, ECMA-408, 4th Edition, December 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816707.2816711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2015.7081816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Facebook. Hack May 2016. http:\/\/hacklang.org\/.  Facebook. Hack May 2016. http:\/\/hacklang.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Type systems and programmers: A look at optional typing in Dart. Master\u2019s thesis","author":"Faldborg M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Faldborg and T. L. Nielsen . Type systems and programmers: A look at optional typing in Dart. Master\u2019s thesis , Aalborg University , 2015 . M. Faldborg and T. L. Nielsen. Type systems and programmers: A look at optional typing in Dart. Master\u2019s thesis, Aalborg University, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869459.1869462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-013-9289-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2509136.2509528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2644805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816707.2816709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1937117.1937124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages","author":"Meijer E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. Meijer and P. Drayton . Static typing where possible, dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages . In OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages , 2004 . E. Meijer and P. Drayton. Static typing where possible, dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages. In OOPSLA Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"March","author":"V. Menon","year":"2016","unstructured":"V. Menon et al. Strong mode , March 2016 . https:\/\/github.com\/ dart-lang\/dev_compiler\/blob\/master\/STRONG_MODE.md. V. Menon et al. Strong mode, March 2016. https:\/\/github.com\/ dart-lang\/dev_compiler\/blob\/master\/STRONG_MODE.md."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"February","year":"2015","unstructured":"Microsoft. TypeScript language specification , February 2015 . http:\/\/www.typescriptlang.org\/Content\/TypeScript% 20Language%20Specification.pdf. Microsoft. TypeScript language specification, February 2015. http:\/\/www.typescriptlang.org\/Content\/TypeScript% 20Language%20Specification.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2593882.2593898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-012-9236-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.677186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2676726.2676971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2676726.2676971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop","author":"Siek J. G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. G. Siek and W. Taha . Gradual typing for functional languages . In Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop , 2006 . J. G. Siek and W. Taha. Gradual typing for functional languages. In Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Summit on Advances in Programming Languages (SNAPL)","author":"Siek J. G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. G. Siek , M. M. Vitousek , M. Cimini , and J. T. Boyland . Refined criteria for gradual typing . In Proc. 1st Summit on Advances in Programming Languages (SNAPL) , 2015 . J. G. Siek, M. M. Vitousek, M. Cimini, and J. T. Boyland. Refined criteria for gradual typing. In Proc. 1st Summit on Advances in Programming Languages (SNAPL), 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2577080.2582208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661136.2661156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2837614.2837630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1328438.1328486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(09)01205-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661088.2661101"}],"event":{"name":"SPLASH '16: Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity","location":"Amsterdam Netherlands","acronym":"SPLASH '16","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGAda ACM Special Interest Group on Ada Programming Language"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Dynamic Languages"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2989225.2989227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2989225.2989227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:23:06Z","timestamp":1750206186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2989225.2989227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2989225.2989227","10.1145\/2989225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2989225.2989227","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/3093334.2989227","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}