{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T04:58:09Z","timestamp":1781326689219,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":83,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2994551.2994552","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T08:49:08Z","timestamp":1478249348000},"page":"272-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["SNOW"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Abusayeed","family":"Saifullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dali","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranveer","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Redmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Redmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb1043474.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"ET Docket No FCC","author":"FCC","year":"2008","unstructured":"FCC, ET Docket No FCC 08-260, November 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"ET Docket No FCC","author":"FCC","year":"2010","unstructured":"FCC, Second Memorandum Opinion and Order, ET Docket No FCC 10-174, September 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.radio-electronics.com\/info\/wireless\/wi-fi\/ieee-802-11af-white-fi-tv-space.php."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.link-labs.com\/what-is-sigfox\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/github.com\/Lora-net\/LoRaMac-node\/tree\/v3.2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/github.com\/Lora-net\/LoRaMac-node\/wiki\/LoRaMAC-node-Wiki."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Bluetooth. http:\/\/www.bluetooth.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"CC1070 chip. http:\/\/www.ti.com\/product\/CC1070."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"CC2420 chip. http:\/\/www.ti.com\/product\/cc2420."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Ettus Research. http:\/\/www.ettus.com\/product\/details\/UB210-KIT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"GNU Radio. http:\/\/gnuradio.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.11. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.15.4. http:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/about\/get\/802\/802.15.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.15.4c. https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/findstds\/standard\/802.15.4c-2009.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.19. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/19\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.22. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/22\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","unstructured":"LoRa modem design guide. http:\/\/www.semtech.com\/images\/datasheet\/LoraDesignGuide STD.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"LoRaWAN. https:\/\/www.lora-alliance.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","unstructured":"Microsoft 4Afrika. http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/africa\/4afrika\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"NB-IoT. https:\/\/www.u-blox.com\/en\/narrowband-iot-nb-iot."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"ngmn. http:\/\/www.ngmn.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"PetroCloud. http:\/\/petrocloud.com\/solutions\/oilfield-monitoring\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"QualNet. http:\/\/web.scalable-networks.com\/content\/qualnet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"SIGFOX. http:\/\/sigfox.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","unstructured":"Spectrum Policy Task Force Reports. http:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/sptf\/reports.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","unstructured":"TelosB datasheet. http:\/\/www.xbow.com\/Products\/Product\\_pdf\\_files\/Wireless\\_pdf\/TelosB\\_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","unstructured":"TinyOS Community Forum. http:\/\/www.tinyos.net."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","unstructured":"TV White Spaces Africa Forum 2013. https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/tvwsafrica2013\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","unstructured":"WirelessHART Specification. http:\/\/www.hartcomm2.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","unstructured":"WirelessHART System Engineering Guide. http:\/\/www2.emersonprocess.com\/siteadmincenter\/PM%20Central%20Web%20Documents\/EMRWirelessHART_SysEngGuide.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","unstructured":"Understanding FFTs and windowing 2015. http:\/\/www.ni.com\/white-paper\/4844\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Balamurthi R.","unstructured":"R. Balamurthi, H. Joshi, C. Nguyen, A. Sadek, S. Shellhammer, and C. Shen. A TV white space spectrum sensing prototype. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"DySpan '08","author":"Borth R. E. D.","unstructured":"R. E. D. Borth and B. Oberlie. Considerations for successful cognitive radio systems in US TV white space. In DySpan '08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: the rising stars in the iot and smart city scenarios","author":"Centenaro M.","unstructured":"M. Centenaro, L. Vangelista, A. Zanella, and M. Zorzi. Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: the rising stars in the iot and smart city scenarios. IEEE Wireless Communications, October."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402946.1402975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Thomson","author":"Chen C.-T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"C.-T. Chen. System and Signal Analysis. Thomson, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614320.1614323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2228298.2228304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614320.1614322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1869985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Feng X.","unstructured":"X. Feng, J. Zhang, and Q. Zhang. Database-assisted multi-AP network on TV white spaces: Architecture, spectrum allocation and AP discovery. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644038.1644040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","volume-title":"DySpan '08","author":"Gurney D.","unstructured":"D. Gurney, G. Buchwald, L. Ecklund, S. Kuffner, and J. Grosspietsch. Geo-location database techniques for incumbent protection in the TV. In DySpan '08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Spectrum survey","author":"Islam M.","unstructured":"M. Islam, C. Koh, S. Oh, X. Qing, Y. Lai, C. Wang, Y. Liang, B. Toh, F. Chin, G. Tan, and W. Toh. Spectrum survey in Singapore: Occupancy measurements and analyses. In CrownCom '08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Jaap V.","unstructured":"V. Jaap, R. Janne, A. Andreas, and M. Petri. UHF white space in Europe: a quantitative study into the potential of the 470-790 MHz band. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/605397.605408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","volume-title":"DySpan '08","author":"Kim H.","unstructured":"H. Kim and K. G. Shin. Fast discovery of spectrum opportunities in cognitive radio networks. In DySpan '08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409944.1409948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1236360.1236395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1898953.1899108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2502524.2502549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2497161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","volume-title":"INFOCOM '15","author":"Luo Y.","unstructured":"Y. Luo, L. Gao, and J. Huang. HySIM: A hybrid spectrum and information market for TV white space networks. In INFOCOM '15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Meshkova E.","unstructured":"E. Meshkova, J. Ansari, D. Denkovski, J. Riihijarvi, J. Nasreddine, M. Pavloski, L. Gavrilovska, and P. Mahonen. Experimental spectrum sensor testbed for constructing indoor radio environmental maps. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Murty R.","unstructured":"R. Murty, R. Chandra, T. Moscibroda, and P. Bahl. SenseLess: A database-driven white spaces network. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_61_1","volume-title":"HST '08","author":"Murty R.","unstructured":"R. Murty, G. Mainland, I. Rose, A. Chowdhury, A. Gosain, J. Bers, and M. Welsh. CitySense: An urban-scale wireless sensor network and testbed. In HST '08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_62_1","volume-title":"ICC '09","author":"Nekovee M.","unstructured":"M. Nekovee. Quantifying the availability of TV white spaces for cognitive radio operation in the UK. In ICC '09."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_63_1","volume-title":"DySpan '10","author":"Obregon E.","unstructured":"E. Obregon and J. Zander. Short range white space utilization in broadcast systems for indoor environment. In DySpan '10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_64_1","volume-title":"CrownCom '10","author":"Obregon R.","unstructured":"R. Obregon, L. Shi, J. Ferrer, and J. Zander. Experimental verification of indoor TV white space opportunity prediction model. In CrownCom '10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"LANMAN '15","author":"Roberts S.","unstructured":"S. Roberts, P. Garnett, and R. Chandra. Connecting africa using the tv white spaces: From research to real world deployments. In LANMAN '15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2015.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_67_1","volume-title":"RTSS '14","author":"Saifullah A.","unstructured":"A. Saifullah, S. Sankar, J. Liu, C. Lu, B. Priyantha, and R. Chandra. CapNet: A real-time wireless management network for data center power capping. In RTSS '14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2584652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461381.2461415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_70_1","volume-title":"ICON '12","author":"Sum C.-S.","unstructured":"C.-S. Sum, M.-T. Zhou, L. Lu, R. Funada, F. Kojima, and H. Harada. IEEE 802.15.4m: The first low rate wireless personal area networks operating in TV white space. In ICON '12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1460412.1460414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"INFOCOM '15","author":"Sur S.","unstructured":"S. Sur and X. Zhang. Bridging link power asymmetry in mobile whitespace networks. In INFOCOM '15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_74_1","volume-title":"DySpan '11","author":"Taher T.","unstructured":"T. Taher, R. Bacchus, K. Zdunek, and D. Roberson. Long-term spectral occupancy findings in Chicago. In DySpan '11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1111206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_76_1","volume-title":"INFOCOM '15","author":"Wang X.","unstructured":"X. Wang, J. Chen, A. Dutta, and M. Chiang. Adaptive video streaming over whitespace: SVC for 3-tiered spectrum sharing. In INFOCOM '15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_77_1","volume-title":"CrownCom '07","author":"Wellens M.","unstructured":"M. Wellens, J. Wu, and P. Mahonen. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in indoor and outdoor scenario in the context of cognitive radio. In CrownCom '07."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1267308.1267335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1855711.1855716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2500423.2500439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_81_1","volume-title":"INFOCOM '15","author":"Zhang J.","unstructured":"J. Zhang, W. Zhang, M. Chen, and Z. Wang. WINET: Indoor white space network design. In INFOCOM '15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746313"}],"event":{"name":"SenSys '16: The 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","location":"Stanford CA USA","acronym":"SenSys '16","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing","SIGBED ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems","SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication","SIGMETRICS ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation","SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","SIGARCH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems CD-ROM"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2994551.2994552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2994551.2994552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T04:43:55Z","timestamp":1781325835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2994551.2994552"}},"subtitle":["Sensor Network over White Spaces"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2994551.2994552","10.1145\/2994551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2994551.2994552","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}