{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:15:09Z","timestamp":1761621309512,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Emerging Technologies Programme","award":["131187\/26835-183208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131187\/26835-183208"]}]},{"name":"Republic of the Philippines' Engineering Research and Development for Technology (ERDT) Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Repeatable and accurate tests are important when designing hardware and algorithms for solar-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Since no two days are exactly alike with regard to energy harvesting, tests must be carried out indoors. Solar simulators are traditionally used in replicating the effects of sunlight indoors; however, solar simulators are expensive, have lighting elements that have short lifetimes, and are usually not designed to carry out the types of tests that hardware and algorithm designers require. As a result, hardware and algorithm designers use tests that are inaccurate and not repeatable (both for others and also for the designers themselves). In this article, we propose an indoor test methodology that does not rely on solar simulators. The test methodology has its basis in astronomy and photovoltaic cell design. We present a\n            <jats:italic>generic<\/jats:italic>\n            design for a test apparatus that can be used in carrying out the test methodology. We also present a\n            <jats:italic>specific<\/jats:italic>\n            design that we use in implementing an actual test apparatus. We test the efficacy of our test apparatus and, to demonstrate the usefulness of the test methodology, perform experiments akin to those required in projects involving solar-powered WSNs. Results of the said tests and experiments demonstrate that the test methodology is an invaluable tool for hardware and algorithm designers working with solar-powered WSNs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2994604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T17:42:39Z","timestamp":1490722959000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Indoor Test Methodology for Solar-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wilson M.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polysolar Ltd, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Slota-Newson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polysolar Ltd, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"edition":"2","volume-title":"PID Controllers: Theory, Design and Tuning","author":"Astrom Karl","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2602339.2602351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GreenCom-CPSCom.2010.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxs039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29273-6_23"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI\u201908)","year":"2008","author":"Fonseca Rodrigo","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356989.356998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2002.1134340"},{"volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2015","author":"Internet Engineering Task Force","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INSS.2008.4610922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1274858.1274870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCS.2010.5686442"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11776178_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Tomas Markvart (Ed.). 2000. 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