{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:33:25Z","timestamp":1783427605730,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Menus are used for exploring and selecting commands in interactive applications. They are widespread in current systems and used by a large variety of users. As a consequence, they have motivated many studies in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Facing the large variety of menus, it is difficult to have a clear understanding of the design possibilities and to ascertain their similarities and differences. In this article, we address a main challenge of menu design: the need to characterize the design space of menus. To do this, we propose a taxonomy of menu properties that structures existing work on visual menus. As properties have an impact on the performance of the menu, we start by refining performance through a list of quality criteria and by reviewing existing analytical and empirical methods for quality evaluation. This taxonomy of menu properties is a step toward the elaboration of advanced predictive models of menu performance and the optimization of menus. A key point of this work is to focus both on menus and on the properties of menus, and then enable a fine-grained analysis in terms of performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3002171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T14:34:05Z","timestamp":1481639645000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Visual Menu Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Bailly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lecolinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecom ParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS LTCI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Nigay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIG, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"G. Abowd J. Coutaz and L. Nigay. 1992. Structuring the space of interactive system properties. In EHCI Elservier Science Pub. 113--128. G. Abowd J. Coutaz and L. Nigay. 1992. Structuring the space of interactive system properties. In EHCI Elservier Science Pub. 113--128."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1054982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"J. Anderson and C. Lebiere. 1998. The Atomic Components of Thought. LEA Mahwah NJ. J. Anderson and C. Lebiere. 1998. The Atomic Components of Thought. LEA Mahwah NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1029632.1029635"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings People and Computers XVIII\u2014Design for Life (HCI\u201904)","author":"Appert C.","unstructured":"C. Appert , M. Beaudouin-lafon, and W. Mackay . 2004. Context matters: Evaluating interaction techniques with the CIS model . In Proceedings People and Computers XVIII\u2014Design for Life (HCI\u201904) . Springer Verlag, 279--295. C. Appert, M. Beaudouin-lafon, and W. Mackay. 2004. Context matters: Evaluating interaction techniques with the CIS model. In Proceedings People and Computers XVIII\u2014Design for Life (HCI\u201904). Springer Verlag, 279--295."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1519052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201907)","author":"Bailly G.","unstructured":"G. Bailly , E. Lecolinet , and L. Nigay . 2007. Wave menus: Improving the novice mode of marking menus . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201907) . Springer, 475--488. G. Bailly, E. Lecolinet, and L. Nigay. 2007. Wave menus: Improving the novice mode of marking menus. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201907). Springer, 475--488."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1385569.1385575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1512714.1512746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070481.2070530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2617814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534903.2534917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/274644.274646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"The User Interface Concepts and Design","author":"Barfield L.","unstructured":"L. Barfield . 1993. The User Interface Concepts and Design . Addison Wesley . L. Barfield. 1993. The User Interface Concepts and Design. Addison Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"J. M. C. Bastien and D. Scapin. 1993. Ergonomic criteria for the \u00e9valuation of human-computer interfaces. Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique. J. M. C. Bastien and D. Scapin. 1993. Ergonomic criteria for the \u00e9valuation of human-computer interfaces. Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354401.354782"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"A taxonomy of input modalities. Amodeus Project Deliverable TM\/WP22","author":"Bersen N. O.","unstructured":"N. O. Bersen . 1996. A taxonomy of input modalities. Amodeus Project Deliverable TM\/WP22 . N. O. Bersen. 1996. A taxonomy of input modalities. Amodeus Project Deliverable TM\/WP22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800045.801584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985758"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR\u201901)","author":"Bowman D. A.","unstructured":"D. A. Bowman and C. A. Wingrave . 2001. Design and evaluation of menu systems for immersive virtual environments . In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR\u201901) . IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 149. D. A. Bowman and C. A. Wingrave. 2001. Design and evaluation of menu systems for immersive virtual environments. In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR\u201901). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 149."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"J. Bowes D. Dearman and R. Perkins. 2003. Transparency for item highlighting. Poster Presentation at Graphics Interface 2003 Halifax Nova Scoita. J. Bowes D. Dearman and R. Perkins. 2003. Transparency for item highlighting. Poster Presentation at Graphics Interface 2003 Halifax Nova Scoita."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1520340.1520461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 3rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201990)","author":"Buxton W.","year":"1990","unstructured":"W. Buxton . 1990 . A three-state model of graphical input . In Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 3rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201990) . North-Holland Publishing Co, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 449--456. W. Buxton. 1990. A three-state model of graphical input. In Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 3rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT\u201990). North-Holland Publishing Co, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 449--456."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year","author":"Buxton W. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"W. A. Buxton . 1995. Chunking and phrasing and the design of human-computer dialogues . In Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000 , R. M. Baecker, J. Grudin, W. A. Buxton, and S. Greenberg (Eds.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , San Francisco, CA, 494--499. W. A. Buxton. 1995. Chunking and phrasing and the design of human-computer dialogues. In Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000, R. M. Baecker, J. Grudin, W. A. Buxton, and S. Greenberg (Eds.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 494--499."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2001.0469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/57167.57182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Enactive Interfaces (Enactive\u201906)","author":"Cance J.","unstructured":"J. Cance , M. Collomb , and M. Hasco\u00ebt . 2006. Accelerating Object-command transitions with pie menus . Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Enactive Interfaces (Enactive\u201906) . 109--110. J. Cance, M. Collomb, and M. Hasco\u00ebt. 2006. Accelerating Object-command transitions with pie menus. Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Enactive Interfaces (Enactive\u201906). 109--110."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"S. Card T. Moran and A. Newell. 1983. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. S. Card T. Moran and A. Newell. 1983. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97243.97263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"J. M. Carroll and M. B. Rosson. 1987. Paradox of the active user. In Interfacing Thought: Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction J. M. Carroll (Ed.). MIT Press Cambridge MA 80--111. J. M. Carroll and M. B. Rosson. 1987. Paradox of the active user. In Interfacing Thought: Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction J. M. Carroll (Ed.). MIT Press Cambridge MA 80--111."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7552(95)00043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization. INFOVIS. IEEE Press","author":"Chuah M. C.","unstructured":"M. C. Chuah and S. F. Roth . 1996. On the semantic of interactive visualizations . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization. INFOVIS. IEEE Press , Washington, DC, 29. M. C. Chuah and S. F. Roth. 1996. On the semantic of interactive visualizations. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization. INFOVIS. IEEE Press, Washington, DC, 29."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006 (GI\u201906)","author":"Cockburn A.","unstructured":"A. Cockburn and A. Gin . 2006. Faster cascading menu selections with enlarged activation areas . In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006 (GI\u201906) . Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 65--71. A. Cockburn and A. Gin. 2006. Faster cascading menu selections with enlarged activation areas. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006 (GI\u201906). Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 65--71."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370020902990402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2659796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97243.97247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1643928.1643986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/83821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2347.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1842993.1843025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240865"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354401.354778"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1096737.1096742"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1296843.1296850"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2004 (GI\u201904)","author":"Hancock M. S.","unstructured":"M. S. Hancock and K. S. Booth . 2004. Improving menu placement strategies for pen input . In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2004 (GI\u201904) . Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 221--230. M. S. Hancock and K. S. Booth. 2004. Improving menu placement strategies for pen input. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2004 (GI\u201904). Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 221--230."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"M. G. Helander T. K. Landauer and P. V. Prabhu (Ed.). 1997. Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. 2nd ed. Elsevier Science Inc. M. G. Helander T. K. Landauer and P. V. Prabhu (Ed.). 1997. Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. 2nd ed. Elsevier Science Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Hick. 1952. On the rate of gain of information. J. Experimental Psychol. 4. 11--36. W. Hick. 1952. On the rate of gain of information. J. Experimental Psychol. 4. 11--36.","DOI":"10.1080\/17470215208416600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1731903.1731936"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1541436.1541457"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"S. Huot M. Nancel and M. Beaudouin-Lafon. 2008. Push menu: Extending marking menus for pressure-enabled input services. Rapport de Recherche n 1502. S. Huot M. Nancel and M. Beaudouin-Lafon. 2008. Push menu: Extending marking menus for pressure-enabled input services. Rapport de Recherche n 1502."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0056940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"Ergonomics requierements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)-- part 14: Menu dialogues","author":"SO.","unstructured":"I SO. 1998. ISO\/DIS 9241-14. Ergonomics requierements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)-- part 14: Menu dialogues . International Organization for Standardization . ISO. 1998. ISO\/DIS 9241-14. Ergonomics requierements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)-- part 14: Menu dialogues. International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503376.503382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1996.82.3c.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1324892.1324905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. H. Jackoby and S. R. Ellis. 1992. Using virtual menus in a virtual environment. Visual Data Interpretation. V1668 i1 39--48. R. H. Jackoby and S. R. Ellis. 1992. Using virtual menus in a virtual environment. Visual Data Interpretation. V1668 i1 39--48.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.59654"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/235833.236054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1344471.1344522"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1204_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(84)80018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964696.964706"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/120782.120797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the INTERACT\u201993 and CHI\u201993 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201993)","author":"Kurtenbach G.","unstructured":"G. Kurtenbach and W. Buxton . 1993. The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus . In Proceedings of the INTERACT\u201993 and CHI\u201993 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201993) . 482--487. G. Kurtenbach and W. Buxton. 1993. The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus. In Proceedings of the INTERACT\u201993 and CHI\u201993 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201993). 482--487."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"PhD., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science","author":"Kurtenbach G.","unstructured":"G. Kurtenbach . 1993. The design and evaluation of marking menus ., PhD., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science , University of Toronto . G. Kurtenbach. 1993. The design and evaluation of marking menus., PhD., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191759"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Display and control of menus with radial and linear portions. Filed","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kurtenbach 1997. Display and control of menus with radial and linear portions. Filed April 1, 1997 , patent #5,926,178. Kurtenbach 1997. Display and control of menus with radial and linear portions. Filed April 1, 1997, patent #5,926,178."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of UIST\u201905","author":"Lai J. T.","unstructured":"J. T. Lai , R. Anderson , and Y. Li . 2005. A chinese input technique using pressure-sensitive marking menus . In Proceedings of UIST\u201905 . J. T. Lai, R. Anderson, and Y. Li. 2005. A chinese input technique using pressure-sensitive marking menus. In Proceedings of UIST\u201905."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1165385.317470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327590ijhc1802_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/274644.274649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132736.1132767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Menu-driven systems","volume":"11","author":"Lee R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"R. Lee and D. R. Raymond . 1993 . Menu-driven systems . Encyclopedia of Microcomputers 11 , 101 -- 127 . R. Lee and D. R. Raymond. 1993. Menu-driven systems. Encyclopedia of Microcomputers 11, 101--127.","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Microcomputers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","volume-title":"Minimizing user search time in menu retrieval systems. Human Factors 27, 2","author":"Lee E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"E. Lee and J. McGregor . 1985. Minimizing user search time in menu retrieval systems. Human Factors 27, 2 , 1985 , 157--162. E. Lee and J. McGregor. 1985. Minimizing user search time in menu retrieval systems. Human Factors 27, 2, 1985, 157--162."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2003.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TABLETOP\u201907)","author":"Leithinger D.","unstructured":"D. Leithinger and M. Haller . 2007. Improving menu interaction for cluttered tabletop setups with user-drawn path menus . In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TABLETOP\u201907) . 121--128 D. Leithinger and M. Haller. 2007. Improving menu interaction for cluttered tabletop setups with user-drawn path menus. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TABLETOP\u201907). 121--128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2012.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Applying models of visual search to menu design","volume":"2002","author":"Liu B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"B. Liu , G. Francis , and G. Salvendy . 2002 . Applying models of visual search to menu design . International J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2002 , 56 . B. Liu, G. Francis, and G. Salvendy. 2002. Applying models of visual search to menu design. International J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2002, 56.","journal-title":"International J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","unstructured":"Logickeyboard. 2015. Homepage. Retrieved from www.logickeyboard.com. Logickeyboard. 2015. Homepage. Retrieved from www.logickeyboard.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1556262.1556294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of INTERACT","author":"McLoone H. E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. E. McLoone , K. Hinckley , and E. Cutrell . 2003. Bimanual interaction on the Microsoft Office keyboard . In Proceedings of INTERACT 2003 . H. E. McLoone, K. Hinckley, and E. Cutrell. 2003. Bimanual interaction on the Microsoft Office keyboard. In Proceedings of INTERACT 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","unstructured":"MAK. 2010. Microsoft Adaptive Keyboard. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/appliedsciences\/content\/projects\/uist.aspx. MAK. 2010. Microsoft Adaptive Keyboard. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/appliedsciences\/content\/projects\/uist.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","unstructured":"A. Marcus N. Silonich and L. Thompson. 1994. The Cross-GUI Handbook: For Multiplatform User Interface Design. Addison-Wesley Professional. A. Marcus N. Silonich and L. Thompson. 1994. The Cross-GUI Handbook: For Multiplatform User Interface Design. Addison-Wesley Professional."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2501996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","unstructured":"J. McCall. 1977. Factors in software quality. General Electric Eds. J. McCall. 1977. Factors in software quality. General Electric Eds."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Graphics Interface. 35--41","author":"McGuffin M. J.","unstructured":"M. J. McGuffin , N. Burtnyk , and G. Kurtenbach . 2002. FaST sliders: Integrating marking menus and the adjustment of continuous values . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Graphics Interface. 35--41 . M. J. McGuffin, N. Burtnyk, and G. Kurtenbach. 2002. FaST sliders: Integrating marking menus and the adjustment of continuous values. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Graphics Interface. 35--41."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","unstructured":"M. McGuffin N. Burtnyk and G. Kurtenbach. 2002. FaST sliders: Integrating marking menus and the adjustment of continuous values. In Graphics Interface. M. McGuffin N. Burtnyk and G. Kurtenbach. 2002. FaST sliders: Integrating marking menus and the adjustment of continuous values. In Graphics Interface."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/274430.274436"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human\/Computer Interface","author":"Norman K. L.","unstructured":"K. L. Norman . 1991. The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human\/Computer Interface . Greenwood Publishing Group Inc . K. L. Norman. 1991. The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human\/Computer Interface. Greenwood Publishing Group Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","volume-title":"echnical Report Number 37).","author":"Nilsen E. L.","unstructured":"E. L. Nilsen . 1991. Perceptual-motor control in human}computer interaction ( T echnical Report Number 37). Ann Arbor. MI : The Cognitive Science and Machine Intelligence Laboratory, the University of Michigan . E. L. Nilsen. 1991. Perceptual-motor control in human}computer interaction (Technical Report Number 37). Ann Arbor. MI: The Cognitive Science and Machine Intelligence Laboratory, the University of Michigan."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"Usability Engineering","author":"Nielsen J.","unstructured":"J. Nielsen . 1993. Usability Engineering . Academic Press Professional , 362 J. Nielsen. 1993. Usability Engineering. Academic Press Professional, 362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301153.301168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of HAID","author":"Oakley I.","year":"2007","unstructured":"I. Oakley and J. Park . 2007. Designing eyes-free interaction . In Proceedings of HAID 2007 . LNCS, 4813. I. Oakley and J. Park. 2007. Designing eyes-free interaction. In Proceedings of HAID 2007. LNCS, 4813."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference (GI\u201904)","author":"Odell D. L.","unstructured":"D. L. Odell , R. C. Davis , A. Smith , and P. K. Wright . 2004. Toolglasses, marking menus, and hotkeys: a comparison of one and two-handed command selection techniques . In Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference (GI\u201904) . Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 17--24. D. L. Odell, R. C. Davis, A. Smith, and P. K. Wright. 2004. Toolglasses, marking menus, and hotkeys: a comparison of one and two-handed command selection techniques. In Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference (GI\u201904). Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 17--24."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","unstructured":"Optimus. 2016. Homepage. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.artlebedev.com\/everything\/optimus\/. Optimus. 2016. Homepage. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.artlebedev.com\/everything\/optimus\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088602800401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1152215.1152260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/57167.57171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/633292.633446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","volume-title":"The Human Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems","author":"Raskin J.","unstructured":"J. Raskin . 2000. The Human Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems . ACM\/Addison Wesley . J. Raskin. 2000. The Human Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems. ACM\/Addison Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964696.964719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICIC.2008.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03655-2_69"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","unstructured":"J. M. Rubio and P. Janecek. 2002. Floating pie menus: Enhancing the functionality of Contextual Tools. Poster UIST\u201902. J. M. Rubio and P. Janecek. 2002. Floating pie menus: Enhancing the functionality of Contextual Tools. Poster UIST\u201902."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1842993.1843021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/174630.174632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","volume-title":"The new palgrave dictionary of economics. 243--245","author":"Satisficing H.","unstructured":"H. Simon 1987. Satisficing . The new palgrave dictionary of economics. 243--245 . London : Macmillan Press . H. Simon 1987. Satisficing. The new palgrave dictionary of economics. 243--245. London: Macmillan Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","volume-title":"Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction","author":"Shneiderman B.","unstructured":"B. Shneiderman . 1992. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction , 2 nd ed. Addison Wesley . B. Shneiderman. 1992. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138308963390"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting. Human Factors Society, 655--658","author":"Snyder K. M.","unstructured":"K. M. Snyder , A. J. Happ , L. Malcus , K. R. Paap , and J. R. Lewis . 1985. Using cognitive models to create menus . In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting. Human Factors Society, 655--658 . K. M. Snyder, A. J. Happ, L. Malcus, K. R. Paap, and J. R. Lewis. 1985. Using cognitive models to create menus. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting. Human Factors Society, 655--658."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","volume-title":"Poster of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology. ACM.","author":"Soliz E.","unstructured":"E. Soliz and W. B. Paley . 2003. A Re-Interpretation of marking menus: The usage of gestalt theory as cognitive tools . Poster of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology. ACM. E. Soliz and W. B. Paley. 2003. A Re-Interpretation of marking menus: The usage of gestalt theory as cognitive tools. Poster of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology. ACM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518726"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449726"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","volume-title":"Satisficing and the use of keyboard shortcuts: Being good enough is enough&quest","author":"Tak S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. Tak , P. Westendorp , and I. van Rooij . 2013. Satisficing and the use of keyboard shortcuts: Being good enough is enough&quest ; Interacting with Computers 25, 5 ( 2013 ), 404--416. S. Tak, P. Westendorp, and I. van Rooij. 2013. Satisficing and the use of keyboard shortcuts: Being good enough is enough&quest; Interacting with Computers 25, 5 (2013), 404--416."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240806"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1165385.317471"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97243.97277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2628363.2628368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Waterworth and M. Chignell. 1991. Model of information exploration. Hypermedia 3 1 1991 35--38. J. Waterworth and M. Chignell. 1991. Model of information exploration. Hypermedia 3 1 1991 35--38.","DOI":"10.1080\/09558543.1991.12031189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","volume-title":"eliens","author":"Welie M. V.","year":"1999","unstructured":"M. V. Welie , G. G. Van der Veer , and A. eliens . 1999 . Breaking down usability. In Proceeding of Interact\u2019 99, 613--620. M. V. Welie, G. G. Van der Veer, and A. eliens. 1999. Breaking down usability. In Proceeding of Interact\u201999, 613--620."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518866"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964696.964718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1029632.1029639"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","volume-title":"Earpod: Efficient hierarchical eyes-free menu selection. Ph.D., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science","author":"Zhao S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Zhao . 2008 . Earpod: Efficient hierarchical eyes-free menu selection. Ph.D., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science , University of Toronto . S. Zhao. 2008. Earpod: Efficient hierarchical eyes-free menu selection. Ph.D., Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IFAC\/IFIP\/IFORS\/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (IFAC-HMS\u201907)","author":"Zhao S.","unstructured":"S. Zhao and M. Chignell . 2007. Using glyphs to facilitate transition from hierarchical selection to gesturing . In Proceedings of the 10th IFAC\/IFIP\/IFORS\/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (IFAC-HMS\u201907) . S. Zhao and M. Chignell. 2007. Using glyphs to facilitate transition from hierarchical selection to gesturing. In Proceedings of the 10th IFAC\/IFIP\/IFORS\/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (IFAC-HMS\u201907)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_166_1","volume-title":"Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least-Effort","author":"Zipf G.","unstructured":"G. Zipf . 1949. Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least-Effort . Addison-Wesley , Cambridge MA . G. Zipf. 1949. Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least-Effort. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge MA."}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3002171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3002171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:49:54Z","timestamp":1750218594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3002171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3002171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3002171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}