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Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Low-power wireless technology promises greater flexibility and lower costs in cyber-physical systems. To reap these benefits, communication protocols must deliver packets\n            <jats:italic>reliably<\/jats:italic>\n            within\n            <jats:italic>real-time deadlines<\/jats:italic>\n            across\n            <jats:italic>resource-constrained devices<\/jats:italic>\n            , while\n            <jats:italic>adapting<\/jats:italic>\n            to changes in application requirements (e.g., traffic demands) and network state (e.g., link qualities). Existing protocols do not solve all these challenges simultaneously, because their operation is either localized or a function of network state, which changes unpredictably over time. By contrast, this article claims a\n            <jats:italic>global<\/jats:italic>\n            approach that does\n            <jats:italic>not<\/jats:italic>\n            use network state information as input can overcome these limitations. The Blink protocol proves this claim by providing hard guarantees on end-to-end deadlines of received packets in multi-hop low-power wireless networks, while seamlessly handling changes in application requirements and network state. We build Blink on the non-real-time Low-Power Wireless Bus (LWB) and design new scheduling algorithms based on the earliest-deadline-first policy. Using a dedicated priority queue data structure, we demonstrate a viable implementation of our algorithms on resource-constrained devices. Experiments show that Blink (i) meets all deadlines of received packets, (ii) delivers 99.97% of packets on a 94-node testbed, (iii) minimizes communication energy consumption within the limits of the underlying LWB, (iv) supports end-to-end deadlines of 100ms across four hops and nine sources, and (v) runs up to 4.1 \u00d7 faster than a conventional scheduler implementation on popular microcontrollers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3012005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T13:06:52Z","timestamp":1488200812000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Adaptive Real-Time Communication for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Zimmerling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mottola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano and SICS Swedish ICT, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM\/IEEE Int. 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