{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:37:28Z","timestamp":1784691448505,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We propose a new biometric based on the human body's response to an electric square pulse signal, called\n            <jats:italic>pulse-response.<\/jats:italic>\n            We explore how this biometric can be used to enhance security in the context of two example applications: (1) an additional authentication mechanism in PIN entry systems, and (2) a means of continuous authentication on a secure terminal. The pulse-response biometric is effective because each human body exhibits a unique response to a signal pulse applied at the palm of one hand, and measured at the palm of the other. Using a prototype setup, we show that users can be correctly identified, with high probability, in a matter of seconds. This identification mechanism integrates well with other established methods and offers a reliable additional layer of security, either on a continuous basis or at login time. We build a proof-of-concept prototype and perform experiments to assess the feasibility of pulse-response as a practical biometric. The results are very encouraging, achieving accuracies of 100% over a static data set, and 88% over a data set with samples taken over several weeks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3023359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T20:35:15Z","timestamp":1485203715000},"page":"108-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Authentication using pulse-response biometrics"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Martinovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Roeschlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene","family":"Tsudik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Formal to Practical Security","author":"Barral C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barral , C. , Tria , A. Fake fingers in fingerprint recognition: Glycerin supersedes gelatin . In Formal to Practical Security . V. Cortier, C. Kirchner, M. Okada, and H. Sakurada, eds. Volume 5458 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science ( 2009 ). Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg , 57--69. Barral, C., Tria, A. Fake fingers in fingerprint recognition: Glycerin supersedes gelatin. In Formal to Practical Security. V. Cortier, C. Kirchner, M. Okada, and H. Sakurada, eds. Volume 5458 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2009). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 57--69."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Health Security and Privacy (August","author":"Cornelius C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cornelius , C. , Sorber , J. , Peterson , R. , Skinner , J. , Halter , R. , Kotz , D. Who wears me? Bioimpedance as a passive biometric . In Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Health Security and Privacy (August 2012 ). Cornelius, C., Sorber, J., Peterson, R., Skinner, J., Halter, R., Kotz, D. Who wears me? Bioimpedance as a passive biometric. In Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Health Security and Privacy (August 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The biometrics resource center","author":"Information Technology Laboratory - National Institute of Standards and Technology.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Information Technology Laboratory - National Institute of Standards and Technology. The biometrics resource center , 2013 . Information Technology Laboratory - National Institute of Standards and Technology. The biometrics resource center, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77326-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2006.873653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/319709.319720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Biometrics frequently asked questions","author":"National Science & Technology Council.","year":"2006","unstructured":"National Science & Technology Council. Biometrics frequently asked questions , 2006 . National Science & Technology Council. Biometrics frequently asked questions, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS).","volume":"2","author":"Rasmussen K.B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rasmussen , K.B. , Roeschlin , M. , Martinovic , I. , Tsudik , G. Authentication using pulse-response biometrics . In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS). Volume 2 ( 2014 ). Rasmussen, K.B., Roeschlin, M., Martinovic, I., Tsudik, G. Authentication using pulse-response biometrics. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS). Volume 2 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"3346","volume":"17","author":"Spillane R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Spillane , R. Keyboard apparatus for personal identification. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin 17 , 3346 ( 1975 ). Spillane, R. Keyboard apparatus for personal identification. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin 17, 3346 (1975).","journal-title":"IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Sensitivity and specificity","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wikipedia . Sensitivity and specificity , 2013 . Wikipedia. Sensitivity and specificity, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"RSA Press Series","author":"Woodward J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woodward , J. , Orlans , N. , Higgins , P. Biometrics . RSA Press Series . McGraw-Hill\/Osborne , 2003 . Woodward, J., Orlans, N., Higgins, P. Biometrics. RSA Press Series. McGraw-Hill\/Osborne, 2003."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3023359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3023359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:50:17Z","timestamp":1750218617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3023359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3023359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3023359","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}