{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:27:11Z","timestamp":1768469231291,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":54,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3024906.3024912","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T13:39:43Z","timestamp":1486733983000},"page":"103-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Novice Programmers and the Problem Description Effect"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Lovellette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"}]},{"given":"Bedour","family":"Alshaigy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England"}]},{"given":"Brett A.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Jackova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571922.571953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1083431.1083474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512276.2512297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.87.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.127.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(88)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1024338.1024370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research-Volume 88","author":"Raadt M. De","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. De Raadt , M. Toleman , and R. Watson . Incorporating programming strategies explicitly into curricula . In Proceedings of the 7th Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research-Volume 88 , pages 41 -- 52 . Australian Computer Society, Inc. , 2007 . M. De Raadt, M. Toleman, and R. Watson. Incorporating programming strategies explicitly into curricula. In Proceedings of the 7th Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research-Volume 88, pages 41--52. Australian Computer Society, Inc., 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1231047.1231054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1994.1069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2462476.2465593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Human reasoning: The psychology of deduction","author":"Evans J. S. B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"J. S. B. Evans , S. E. Newstead , and R. M. Byrne . Human reasoning: The psychology of deduction . Psychology Press , 1993 . J. S. B. Evans, S. E. Newstead, and R. M. Byrne. Human reasoning: The psychology of deduction. Psychology Press, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 95","author":"Fidge C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"C. Fidge and D. Teague . Losing their marbles: Syntax-free programming for assessing problem-solving skills . In Proceedings of the 11th Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 95 , pages 75 -- 82 . Australian Computer Society, Inc. , 2009 . C. Fidge and D. Teague. Losing their marbles: Syntax-free programming for assessing problem-solving skills. In Proceedings of the 11th Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 95, pages 75--82. Australian Computer Society, Inc., 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632320.2632346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2004.842924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"578","volume-title":"Proceedings of EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2002","author":"Garner S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"S. Garner . Reducing the cognitive load on novice programmers. In P. Barker and S. Rebelsky, editors , Proceedings of EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2002 , pages 578 -- 583 , Denver, Colorado, USA , 2002 . Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). S. Garner. Reducing the cognitive load on novice programmers. In P. Barker and S. Rebelsky, editors, Proceedings of EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2002, pages 578--583, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2002. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1982.tb01823.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869746.1869747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505248.505261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1404520.1404527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/199691.199780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1151954.1067453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2828959.2828970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Problem solving with an icon oriented programming tool: A case study in technology education","author":"Lavonen J. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. M. Lavonen , V. P. Meisalo , and M. Lattu . Problem solving with an icon oriented programming tool: A case study in technology education . 2001 . J. M. Lavonen, V. P. Meisalo, and M. Lattu. Problem solving with an icon oriented programming tool: A case study in technology education. 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1041624.1041673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2361276.2361291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356835.356841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493394.2493412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/572139.572181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information","author":"Miller G.","year":"1956","unstructured":"G. Miller . The magical number seven , plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information , 1956 . One of the 100 most influential papers in cognitive science: http:\/\/cogsci.umn.edu\/millennium\/final.html. G. Miller. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information, 1956. One of the 100 most influential papers in cognitive science: http:\/\/cogsci.umn.edu\/millennium\/final.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2787622.2787744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2787622.2787733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Computing Education Conference","volume":"27","author":"Parsons D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Parsons , K. Wood , and P. Haden . What are we doing when we assess programming ? In Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Computing Education Conference , volume 27 , page 30 , 2015 . D. Parsons, K. Wood, and P. Haden. What are we doing when we assess programming? In Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Computing Education Conference, volume 27, page 30, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(01)00016-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ilee.10.2.105.7441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00056219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870070006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028174.971370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/csed.13.2.137.14200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2828959.2828963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/VQJD-T1YD-5WVB-RYPJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LaTiCE.2013.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/6592.6594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182.358436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)00666-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9128-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022193728205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-005-3951-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1316450.1316456"}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE '16: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Conference 2016","location":"Arequipa Peru","acronym":"ITiCSE '16","sponsor":["Bilkent University Bilkent University","SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2016 ITiCSE Working Group Reports"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3024906.3024912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3024906.3024912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:05:03Z","timestamp":1750273503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3024906.3024912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3024906.3024912","10.1145\/3024906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3024906.3024912","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}