{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:57:31Z","timestamp":1773392251869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":381,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016682","name":"VMware","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016682","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1409238, CNS-1408782, CNS-1408695, CNS-1405641, CNS-1149229, CNS-1161541, CNS-1228839, IIS-1247750, CCF-1314547 and CNS-1526707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1409238, CNS-1408782, CNS-1408695, CNS-1405641, CNS-1149229, CNS-1161541, CNS-1228839, IIS-1247750, CCF-1314547 and CNS-1526707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>File systems that employ write-optimized dictionaries (WODs) can perform random-writes, metadata updates, and recursive directory traversals orders of magnitude faster than conventional file systems. However, previous WOD-based file systems have not obtained all of these performance gains without sacrificing performance on other operations, such as file deletion, file or directory renaming, or sequential writes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Using three techniques,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">late-binding journaling<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">zoning<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">range deletion<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we show that there is no fundamental trade-off in write-optimization. These dramatic improvements can be retained while matching conventional file systems on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">all<\/jats:italic>\n                    other operations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>BetrFS 0.2 delivers order-of-magnitude better performance than conventional file systems on directory scans and small random writes and matches the performance of conventional file systems on rename, delete, and sequential I\/O. For example, BetrFS 0.2 performs directory scans 2.2 \u00d7 faster, and small random writes over two orders of magnitude faster, than the fastest conventional file system. But unlike BetrFS 0.1, it renames and deletes files commensurate with conventional file systems and performs large sequential I\/O at nearly disk bandwidth. The performance benefits of these techniques extend to applications as well. BetrFS 0.2 continues to outperform conventional file systems on many applications, such as as rsync, git-diff, and tar, but improves git-clone performance by 35% over BetrFS 0.1, yielding performance comparable to other file systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3032969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T08:29:43Z","timestamp":1489998583000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Writes Wrought Right, and Other Adventures in File System Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmingdale State College\u2021, NY"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2021, NC"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Jannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University"}]},{"given":"Amogh","family":"Akshintala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2021, NC"}]},{"given":"Kanchan","family":"Chandnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc\u2021"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Deo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arista Networks\u2021"}]},{"given":"Zardosht","family":"Kasheff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facebook, New York, NY"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Two Sigma\u2021, Brooklyn, NY"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Farach-Colton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"}]},{"given":"Bradley C.","family":"Kuszmaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oracle\u00a7, MA"}]},{"given":"Donald E.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2021, Chapel Hill, NC"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1248377.1248393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"And introduction to Be-trees and write-optimization. Login","author":"Bender Michael A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michael A. Bender, Martin Farach-Colton, William Jannen, Rob Johnson, Bradley C. Kuszmaul, Donald E. Porter, Jun Yuan, and Yang Zhan. 2015. And introduction to Be-trees and write-optimization. Login; Magazine 40, 5 (Oct. 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"ZFS: The Last Word in File Systems.","author":"Bonwick Jeff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jeff Bonwick and B. Moore. 2005. ZFS: The Last Word in File Systems. Retrieved from http:\/\/opensolaris.org\/os\/community\/zfs\/docs\/zfslast.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1873601.1873718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/644108.644201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2342806.2342820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Neeta Garimella. 2006. Understanding and Exploiting Snapshot Technology for Data Protection. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/tivoli\/library\/t-snaptsm1\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/573304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2002181.2002200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1973416.1973423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2798729"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2750482.2750505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2813767.2813786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2750482.2750503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1099554.1099739"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1525908.1525920"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043556.2043558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/304182.304189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2685048.2685056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Linux Symposium.","author":"Mathur Avantika","year":"2007","unstructured":"Avantika Mathur, MingMing Cao, Suparna Bhattacharya, Andreas Dilger, Alex Tomas, and Laurent Vivier. 2007. The new ext4 filesystem: Current status and future plans. In Proceedings of the Linux Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2659919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1268708.1268732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1376616.1376680"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002360050048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2535461.2535480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501620.2501623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/146941.146943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2643634.2643637"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2213836.2213862"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2591272.2591275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1268299.1268300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Tokutek. 2013. TokuDB: MySQL Performance MariaDB Performance. http:\/\/www.tokutek.com\/products\/tokudb-for-mysql\/. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/291069.291044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1267903.1267908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1298455.1298485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2004.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2813767.2813773"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Storage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3032969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3032969","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3032969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:35:45Z","timestamp":1763458545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3032969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3032969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3032969","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3093","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}