{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:37:55Z","timestamp":1782833875453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Project Grant"},{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grant"},{"name":"Industrial Canada Technology Demonstration Program"},{"name":"E.W. R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Many radio frequency identification (RFID) applications, such as virtual shopping cart and tag-assisted gaming, involve sensing and recognizing tag mobility. However, existing RFID localization methods are mostly designed for static or slowly moving targets (less than 0.3m\/sec). More importantly, we observe that prior methods suffer from serious performance degradation for detecting real-world moving tags in typical indoor environments with multipath interference. In this article, we present i\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            tag, an intelligent mobility-aware activity identification system for RFID tags in multipath-rich environments (e.g., indoors). i\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            tag employs a supervised learning framework based on our novel fine-grain mobility provile, which can quantify different levels of mobility. Unlike previous methods that mostly rely on phase measurement, i\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            tag takes into account various measurements, including RSSI variance, packet loss rate, and our novel relative phase--based fingerprint. Additionally, we design a multidimensional dynamic time warping--based algorithm to robustly detect mobility and the associated activities. We show that i\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            tag is readily deployable using off-the-shelf RFID devices. A prototype has been implemented using a ThingMagic reader and standard-compatible tags. Experimental results demonstrate its superiority in mobility detection and activity identification in various indoor environments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3035968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T12:20:54Z","timestamp":1505737254000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["i\n            <sup>2<\/sup>\n            tag"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangchuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1922649.1922653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2012.2189204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM\u201900)","volume":"2","author":"Bahl Paramvir"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2499621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1859995.1860016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2809695.2809708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.41388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Low Level Reader Protocol. 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