{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:07:06Z","timestamp":1783649226844,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland","reference-count":26,"publisher":"International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Program","award":["642795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["642795"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052675","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T13:30:38Z","timestamp":1491485438000},"page":"1211-1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["Neural Network-based Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs on Word and Character Level"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Lukovnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asja","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473","author":"Bahdanau D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"D. Bahdanau, K. Cho, and Y. Bengio. Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1533","volume-title":"EMNLP","author":"Berant J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Berant, A. Chou, R. Frostig, and P. Liang. Semantic parsing on freebase from question-answer pairs. In EMNLP, pages 1533--1544. ACL, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Large-scale simple question answering with memory networks. CoRR, abs\/1506.02075","author":"Bordes A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Bordes, N. Usunier, S. Chopra, and J. Weston. Large-scale simple question answering with memory networks. CoRR, abs\/1506.02075, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-34129-3_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"On the properties of neural machine translation: Encoder-decoder approaches. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1259","author":"Cho K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Cho, B. Van Merri\u00ebnboer, D. Bahdanau, and Y. Bengio. On the properties of neural machine translation: Encoder-decoder approaches. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1259, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555","author":"Chung J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. Chung, C. Gulcehre, K. Cho, and Y. Bengio. Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Cfo: Conditional focused neural question answering with large-scale knowledge bases. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01994","author":"Dai Z.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Z. Dai, L. Li, and W. Xu. Cfo: Conditional focused neural question answering with large-scale knowledge bases. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01994, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-34129-3_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2021068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"EMNLP","author":"Golub D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"D. Golub and X. He. Character-level question answering with attention. EMNLP, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1249","volume-title":"CLEF (Working Notes)","author":"He S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. He, Y. Zhang, K. Liu, and J. Zhao. Casia@ v2: A mln-based question answering system over linked data. In CLEF (Working Notes), pages 1249--1259, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-140134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Finding function in form: Compositional character models for open vocabulary word representation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.02096","author":"Ling W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"W. Ling, T. Lu\u00eds, L. Marujo, R. F. Astudillo, S. Amir, C. Dyer, A. W. Black, and I. Trancoso. Finding function in form: Compositional character models for open vocabulary word representation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.02096, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1532","volume":"14","author":"Pennington J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. Pennington, R. Socher, and C. D. Manning. Glove: Global vectors for word representation. In EMNLP, volume 14, pages 1532--1543, 2014.","journal-title":"Glove: Global vectors for word representation. In EMNLP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2986098"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"33","volume":"20","author":"Sahlgren M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Sahlgren. The distributional hypothesis. Italian Journal of Linguistics, 20(1):33--54, 2008.","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"1333","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)","author":"Sun Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y. Sun, L. Lin, D. Tang, N. Yang, Z. Ji, and X. Wang. Modeling mention, context and entity with neural networks for entity disambiguation. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 1333--1339, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2026011.2026028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","series-title":"CEUR Workshop Proceedings","volume-title":"A lemon lexicon for dbpedia","author":"Unger C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"C. Unger, J. P. McCrae, S. Walter, S. Winter, and P. Cimiano. A lemon lexicon for dbpedia. In S. Hellmann, A. Filipowska, C. Barri\u00e8re, P. N. Mendes, and D. Kontokostas, editors, NLP-DBPEDIA@ISWC, volume 1064 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"2773","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Vinyals O.","year":"2015","unstructured":"O. Vinyals, \u0141. Kaiser, T. Koo, S. Petrov, I. Sutskever, and G. Hinton. Grammar as a foreign language. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pages 2773--2781, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"COLING 2016, 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference: Technical Papers, 11-16 December 2016, Osaka, Japan, ACL 2016","author":"Yin W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. Yin, M. Yu, B. Xiang, B. Zhou, and H. Sch\u00fctze. Simple question answering by attentive convolutional neural network. In COLING 2016, 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference: Technical Papers, 11-16 December 2016, Osaka, Japan, ACL 2016, 2016."}],"event":{"name":"WWW '17: 26th International World Wide Web Conference","location":"Perth Australia","acronym":"WWW '17","sponsor":["IW3C2 International World Wide Web Conference Committee","SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3038912.3052675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3038912.3052675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:36:29Z","timestamp":1750217789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3038912.3052675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3038912.3052675","10.5555\/3038912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3038912.3052675","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}