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In many hospitals, the potential value of multimedia data collected through routine examinations is not recognized. Moreover, the availability of the data is limited, as the health care personnel may not have direct access to stored data. However, medical specialists interact with multimedia content daily through their everyday work and have an increasing interest in finding ways to use it to facilitate their work processes. In this article, we present a novel, holistic multimedia system aiming to tackle automatic analysis of video from gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The proposed system comprises the whole pipeline, including data collection, processing, analysis, and visualization. It combines filters using machine learning, image recognition, and extraction of global and local image features. The novelty is primarily in this holistic approach and its real-time performance, where we automate a complete algorithmic GI screening process. We built the system in a modular way to make it easily extendable to analyze various abnormalities, and we made it efficient in order to run in real time. The conducted experimental evaluation proves that the detection and localization accuracy are comparable or even better than existing systems, but it is by far leading in terms of real-time performance and efficient resource consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3079765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T12:50:00Z","timestamp":1496667000000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["From Annotation to Computer-Aided Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Riegler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Lysaker, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Pogorelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Lysaker, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrun Losada","family":"Eskeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Thelin","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Solna and Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Digestive Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Albisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Lysaker, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UiT - The Arctic University of Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Griwodz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Lysaker, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Lysaker, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas De","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust and Cancer Registry of Norway, Postboks Majorstuen, Oslo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. of USENIX OSDI. 265--283","author":"Abadi Mart\u0131n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mart\u0131n Abadi , Paul Barham , Jianmin Chen , Zhifeng Chen , Andy Davis , Jeffrey Dean , Matthieu Devin , Sanjay Ghemawat , Geoffrey Irving , Michael Isard , Manjunath Kudlur , Josh Levenberg , Rajat Monga , Sherry Moore , Derek G. 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