{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:23:06Z","timestamp":1790763786486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]],"date-time":"2017-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Society and the EPSRC projects MaSI3, Score!, DBOnto, and ED3"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Database Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Answering aggregate queries is a key requirement of emerging applications of Semantic Technologies, such as data warehousing, business intelligence, and sensor networks. To fulfil the requirements of such applications, the standardization of SPARQL 1.1 led to the introduction of a wide range of constructs that enable value computation, aggregation, and query nesting. In this article, we provide an in-depth formal analysis of the semantics and expressive power of these new constructs as defined in the SPARQL 1.1 specification, and hence lay the necessary foundations for the development of robust, scalable, and extensible query engines supporting complex numerical and analytics tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3083898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T12:24:33Z","timestamp":1502713473000},"page":"1-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Query Nesting, Assignment, and Aggregation in SPARQL 1.1"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8712-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egor V.","family":"Kostylev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Cuenca","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2014.2330822"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741636"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88564-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Subqueries in SPARQL. In AMW 2011 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings)","volume":"749","author":"Angles Renzo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renzo Angles and Claudio Gutierrez . 2011 . Subqueries in SPARQL. In AMW 2011 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings) , Vol. 749 . CEUR-WS.org. Renzo Angles and Claudio Gutierrez. 2011. Subqueries in SPARQL. In AMW 2011 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Vol. 749. CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Negation in SPARQL. CoRR abs\/1603.06053","author":"Angles Renzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Renzo Angles and Claudio Gutierrez . 2016. Negation in SPARQL. CoRR abs\/1603.06053 ( 2016 ). Renzo Angles and Claudio Gutierrez. 2016. Negation in SPARQL. CoRR abs\/1603.06053 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963405.1963495"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187922"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594538.2594555"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1989284.1989312"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDEW.2015.7129548"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793351X10000936"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jswis.2009081901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"ISWC","volume":"8797","author":"Aranda Carlos Buil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlos Buil Aranda , Axel Polleres , and J\u00fcrgen Umbrich . 2014 . Strategies for executing federated queries in SPARQL1.1 . In ISWC 2014, Part II (LNCS) , Vol. 8797 . Springer, 390--405. Carlos Buil Aranda, Axel Polleres, and J\u00fcrgen Umbrich. 2014. Strategies for executing federated queries in SPARQL1.1. In ISWC 2014, Part II (LNCS), Vol. 8797. Springer, 390--405."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jswis.2012010103"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2350229.2350243"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1058150.1058170"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142351.1142362"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-008-0122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138394.1138400"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1219092.1219093"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"WWW","author":"Colazzo Dario","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dario Colazzo , Fran\u00e7ois Goasdou\u00e9 , Ioana Manolescu , and Alexandra Roatis . 2014. RDF analytics: Lenses over semantic graphs . In WWW 2014 . ACM , 467--478. Dario Colazzo, Fran\u00e7ois Goasdou\u00e9, Ioana Manolescu, and Alexandra Roatis. 2014. RDF analytics: Lenses over semantic graphs. In WWW 2014. ACM, 467--478."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Richard Cyganiak and Dave Reynolds. 2014. The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary. W3C Recommendation. W3C.  Richard Cyganiak and Dave Reynolds. 2014. The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary. W3C Recommendation. W3C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30284-8_38"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Database Systems: The Complete Book","author":"Garc\u00eda-Molina Hector","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hector Garc\u00eda-Molina , Jeffrey D. Ullman , and Jennifer Widom . 2009 . Database Systems: The Complete Book ( 2 nd ed.). Pearson Education . Hector Garc\u00eda-Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman, and Jennifer Widom. 2009. Database Systems: The Complete Book (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009726021843"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/235767.235770"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1996.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","unstructured":"Steve Harris and Andy Seaborne. 2013. SPARQL 1.1 Query Language. W3C Recommendation. W3C.  Steve Harris and Andy Seaborne. 2013. SPARQL 1.1 Query Language. W3C Recommendation. W3C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502090.502100"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","unstructured":"Ivan Herman. 2016. Errata in SPARQL 1.1. v1.44. W3C. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2013\/sparql-errata.  Ivan Herman. 2016. Errata in SPARQL 1.1. v1.44. W3C. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2013\/sparql-errata."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18818-8_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"ISWC 2014 (Posters & Demonstrations) (CEUR Workshop Proceedings)","volume":"1272","author":"Kalampokis Evangelos","unstructured":"Evangelos Kalampokis , Andriy Nikolov , Peter Haase , Richard Cyganiak , Arkadiusz Stasiewicz , Areti Karamanou , Maria Zotou , Dimitris Zeginis , Efthimios Tambouris , and Konstantinos A. Tarabanis . 2014. Exploiting linked data cubes with OpenCube toolkit . In ISWC 2014 (Posters & Demonstrations) (CEUR Workshop Proceedings) , Vol. 1272 . CEUR-WS.org, 137--140. Evangelos Kalampokis, Andriy Nikolov, Peter Haase, Richard Cyganiak, Arkadiusz Stasiewicz, Areti Karamanou, Maria Zotou, Dimitris Zeginis, Efthimios Tambouris, and Konstantinos A. Tarabanis. 2014. Exploiting linked data cubes with OpenCube toolkit. In ISWC 2014 (Posters & Demonstrations) (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Vol. 1272. CEUR-WS.org, 137--140."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883022"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Stefan Decker, and Ratnesh Sahay.","author":"Khan Yasar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yasar Khan , Muhammad Saleem , Aftab Iqbal , Muntazir Mehdi , Aidan Hogan , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo , Stefan Decker, and Ratnesh Sahay. 2014 . SAFE : Policy aware SPARQL query federation over RDF data cubes. In SWAT4LS 2014 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Vol. 1320 . CEUR-WS. org. Yasar Khan, Muhammad Saleem, Aftab Iqbal, Muntazir Mehdi, Aidan Hogan, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, Stefan Decker, and Ratnesh Sahay. 2014. SAFE: Policy aware SPARQL query federation over RDF data cubes. In SWAT4LS 2014 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Vol. 1320. CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/322326.322332"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Kostylev","author":"Kontchakov Roman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roman Kontchakov and Egor V . Kostylev . 2016 . On expressibility of non-monotone operators in SPARQL. In KR 2016. AAAI Press , 369--379. Roman Kontchakov and Egor V. Kostylev. 2016. On expressibility of non-monotone operators in SPARQL. In KR 2016. AAAI Press, 369--379."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11964-9_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11915-1_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25007-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"ICDT 2015 (LIPIcs)","volume":"31","author":"Kostylev Egor V.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Egor V. Kostylev , Juan L. Reutter , and Mart\u00edn Ugarte . 2015 . CONSTRUCT queries in SPARQL . In ICDT 2015 (LIPIcs) , Vol. 31 . Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 212--229. Egor V. Kostylev, Juan L. Reutter, and Mart\u00edn Ugarte. 2015. CONSTRUCT queries in SPARQL. In ICDT 2015 (LIPIcs), Vol. 31. Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 212--229."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2794367.2794375"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"Article 25","author":"Letelier Andr\u00e9s","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s Letelier , Jorge P\u00e9rez , Reinhard Pichler , and Sebastian Skritek . 2013. Static analysis and optimization of Semantic Web queries. ACM TODS 38, 4 , Article 25 ( 2013 ), 45 pages. Andr\u00e9s Letelier, Jorge P\u00e9rez, Reinhard Pichler, and Sebastian Skritek. 2013. Static analysis and optimization of Semantic Web queries. ACM TODS 38, 4, Article 25 (2013), 45 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/343369.343376"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(02)00736-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182591.182609"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2213556.2213573"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","unstructured":"Frank Manola and Eric Miller. 2004. RDF Primer. W3C Recommendation. W3C.  Frank Manola and Eric Miller. 2004. RDF Primer. W3C Recommendation. W3C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","volume-title":"Article 16","author":"P\u00e9rez Jorge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jorge P\u00e9rez , Marcelo Arenas , and Claudio Gutierrez . 2009. Semantics and complexity of SPARQL. ACM TODS 34, 3 , Article 16 ( 2009 ), 45 pages. Jorge P\u00e9rez, Marcelo Arenas, and Claudio Gutierrez. 2009. Semantics and complexity of SPARQL. ACM TODS 34, 3, Article 16 (2009), 45 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11663081.2013.798992"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","unstructured":"Eric Prud\u2019hommeaux and Andy Seaborne. 2008. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. W3C Recommendation. W3C.  Eric Prud\u2019hommeaux and Andy Seaborne. 2008. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. W3C Recommendation. W3C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1804669.1804675"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1071596.1071602"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22479-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipl.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxu128"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1989323.1989413"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Database Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3083898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3083898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:30:08Z","timestamp":1750217408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3083898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3083898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3083898","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-5915","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-4644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}