{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:41:02Z","timestamp":1770514862496,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tennenbaum Institute and the Institute for People 8 Technology at Georgia Tech"},{"name":"Batten Institute at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business"},{"name":"Center for Global Enterprise"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In an increasingly global and competitive business landscape, firms must collaborate and partner with others to ensure survival, growth, and innovation. Understanding the evolutionary composition of a firm\u2019s relationship portfolio and the underlying formation strategy is a difficult task given the multidimensional, temporal, and geospatial nature of the data. In collaboration with senior executives, we iteratively determine core design requirements and then design and implement an interactive visualization system that enables decision makers to gain both systemic (macro) and detailed (micro) insights into a firm\u2019s alliance activities and discover patterns of multidimensional relationship formation. Our system provides both sequential and temporal representation modes, a rich set of additive cross-linked filters, the ability to stack multiple alliance portfolios, and a dynamically updated activity state model visualization to inform decision makers of past and likely future relationship moves. We illustrate our tool with examples of alliance activities of firms listed on the S8P 500. A controlled experiment and real-world evaluation with practitioners and researchers reveals significant evidence of the value of our visual analytic tool. Our design study contributes to design science by addressing a known problem (i.e., alliance portfolio analysis) with a novel solution (interactive, pixel-based multivariate visualization) and to the rapidly emerging area of data-driven visual decision support in corporate strategy contexts. We conclude with implications and future research opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3086308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T12:52:18Z","timestamp":1504097538000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding Alliance Portfolios Using Visual Analytics"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rahul C.","family":"Basole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206316678451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2007.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang Aigner Silvia Miksch Heidrun Schumann and Christian Tominski. 2011. Visualization of Time-oriented Data. Springer Science 8 Business Media.   Wolfgang Aigner Silvia Miksch Heidrun Schumann and Christian Tominski. 2011. Visualization of Time-oriented Data. Springer Science 8 Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2005.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis)--State of The Art Reports. 1--21","author":"Alsallakh Bilal","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahul C. Basole. 2014. Visual business ecosystem intelligence: Lessons from the field. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications5 (2014) 26--34.  Rahul C. Basole. 2014. Visual business ecosystem intelligence: Lessons from the field. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications5 (2014) 26--34.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2014.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2724730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Rita Borgo Johannes Kehrer David H. Chung Eamonn Maguire Robert S. Laramee Helwig Hauser Matthew Ward and Min Chen. 2013. Glyph-based visualization: Foundations design guidelines techniques and applications. Eurographics State of the Art Reports (2013) 39--63.  Rita Borgo Johannes Kehrer David H. Chung Eamonn Maguire Robert S. Laramee Helwig Hauser Matthew Ward and Min Chen. 2013. Glyph-based visualization: Foundations design guidelines techniques and applications. Eurographics State of the Art Reports (2013) 39--63."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2965085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/347090.347151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2481674.2481683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas Luan Dang and Victoria L. Lemieux. 2013. A Functional Framework for Evaluating Financial Visualization Products. In Financial Analysis and Risk Management. Springer 115--153.  Thomas Luan Dang and Victoria L. Lemieux. 2013. A Functional Framework for Evaluating Financial Visualization Products. In Financial Analysis and Risk Management. Springer 115--153.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32232-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2002.7389937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2006.261421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2245276.2245432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-8310(01)00037-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"iii","article-title":"Editor\u2019s comments: Design science research in top information systems journals","volume":"38","author":"Goes Paulo B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Remix Strategy: The Three Laws of Business Combinations","author":"Gomes-Casseres Benjamin","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.2.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjay Gulati. 1998. Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal (1998) 293--317.  Ranjay Gulati. 1998. Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal (1998) 293--317.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199804)19:4<293::AID-SMJ982>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.981848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave\/ivs\/9500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Lavie. 2017. Alliance capability. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management Mie Augier and David J. Teece (Eds.). Palgrave Macmillan UK.  D. Lavie. 2017. Alliance capability. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management Mie Augier and David J. Teece (Eds.). Palgrave Macmillan UK.","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-00772-8_596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"M. Lynne Markus Ann Majchrzak and Les Gasser. 2002. A design theory for systems that support emergent knowledge processes. MIS Quarterly (2002) 179--212.   M. Lynne Markus Ann Majchrzak and Les Gasser. 2002. A design theory for systems that support emergent knowledge processes. MIS Quarterly (2002) 179--212."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakob Nielsen. 1994. Usability Engineering. Elsevier.  Jakob Nielsen. 1994. Usability Engineering. Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1030818.1030919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1990.11517898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2009.37308021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/989863.989880"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2015.1099390"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"PwC. 2015. The 2015 CEO Survey by PwC. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gx\/en\/ceo-survey\/.  PwC. 2015. The 2015 CEO Survey by PwC. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gx\/en\/ceo-survey\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Sheldon M. Ross. 1996. Stochastic Processes. Vol. 2. John Wiley 8 Sons New York.  Sheldon M. Ross. 1996. Stochastic Processes. Vol. 2. John Wiley 8 Sons New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/832277.834354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168149.1168158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2669557.2669579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVIS\u201908)","author":"Suntinger Martin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/967900.968153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206308328484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Infovis","author":"Weber Marc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1038262.1038784"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3086308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3086308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:37:01Z","timestamp":1750217821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3086308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3086308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3086308","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-656X","type":"print"},{"value":"2158-6578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}