{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:24:57Z","timestamp":1765887897314,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Measurement has become fundamental to the operation of networks and at-scale services---whether for management, security, diagnostics, optimization, or simply enhancing our collective understanding of the Internet as a complex system. Further, measurements are useful across points of view---from end hosts to enterprise networks and data centers to the wide area Internet. We observe that many measurements are decoupled from the protocols and applications they are designed to illuminate. Worse, current measurement practice often involves the exploitation of side-effects and unintended features of the network; or, in other words, the artful piling of hacks atop one another. This state of affairs is a direct result of the relative paucity of diagnostic and measurement capabilities built into today's network stack.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Given our modern dependence on ubiquitous measurement, we propose \\emph{measurability} as an explicit low-level goal of current protocol design, and argue that measurements should be available to all network protocols throughout the stack. We seek to generalize the idea of measurement \\emph{within} protocols, e.g., the way in which TCP relies on measurement to drive its end-to-end behavior. Rhetorically, we pose the question: \\textit{what if the stack had been built with measurability and diagnostic support in mind?} We start from a set of principles for explicit measurability, and define primitives that, were they supported by the stack, would not only provide a solid foundation for protocol design going forward, but also reduce the cost and increase the accuracy of measuring the network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3089262.3089264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T12:26:59Z","timestamp":1494246419000},"page":"2-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Principles for Measurability in Protocol Design"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Allman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Beverly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NPS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Trammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","first-page":"5681","author":"Allman M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"TCP Congestion Control"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2664243.2664285"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177100"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC1812"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","DOI":"10.1145\/1452520.1452560"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2656877.2656890"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504754"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2602204.2602215"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","DOI":"10.1145\/52324.52336"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626321"},{"unstructured":"M. Crovella and B. Krishnamurthy. Internet measurement: infrastructure traffic and applications. 2006.   M. Crovella and B. Krishnamurthy. Internet measurement: infrastructure traffic and applications . 2006.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626295"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2003.1248658"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"4782","author":"Floyd S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quick-Start for TCP and IP"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gont J. Linkova T. Chown and W. Liu. Observations on the Dropping of Packets with IPv6 Extension Headers in the Real World. RFC 7872 June 2016.  F. Gont J. Linkova T. Chown and W. Liu. Observations on the Dropping of Packets with IPv6 Extension Headers in the Real World. RFC 7872 June 2016.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7872"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068834"},{"volume-title":"IETF Secretariat","year":"2017","author":"Iyengar J.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_2"},{"unstructured":"V. Jacobson R. Braden D. Borman and R. Scheffenegger. TCP Extensions for High Performance. RFC 7323 Sept. 2014.  V. Jacobson R. Braden D. Borman and R. Scheffenegger. TCP Extensions for High Performance. RFC 7323 Sept. 2014.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879173"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36516-4_14"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663741"},{"volume-title":"IPMP: IP Measurement Protocol. In Passive and Active Measurement Workshop","year":"2002","author":"Luckie M.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","DOI":"10.1145\/1355734.1355746"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2674005.2674991"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","DOI":"10.1145\/285237.285291"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","DOI":"10.1145\/1028788.1028824"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"6298","author":"Paxson V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer"},{"unstructured":"T. Peters. PEP20 \u2013 The Zen of Python 2004. https:\/\/www.python.org\/dev\/peps\/pep-0020\/.  T. Peters. PEP20 \u2013 The Zen of Python 2004. https:\/\/www.python.org\/dev\/peps\/pep-0020\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_28_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815678"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Postel. Internet Control Message Protocol. RFC 792 Sept. 1981.   J. Postel. Internet Control Message Protocol. RFC 792 Sept. 1981.","key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0777"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Postel. Internet Protocol. RFC 791 Sept. 1981.  J. Postel. Internet Protocol. RFC 791 Sept. 1981.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0791"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486017"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Ramakrishnan S. Floyd and D. Black. The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP. RFC 3168 Sept. 2001.   K. Ramakrishnan S. Floyd and D. Black. The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP. RFC 3168 Sept. 2001.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3168"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","DOI":"10.1145\/505696.505704"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04918-2_21"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Shalunov B. Teitelbaum A. Karp J. Boote and M. Zekauskas. A One-way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP). RFC 4656 Sept. 2006.  S. Shalunov B. Teitelbaum A. Karp J. Boote and M. Zekauskas. A One-way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP). RFC 4656 Sept. 2006.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4656"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","DOI":"10.1145\/2018567.2018571"},{"volume-title":"IETF Secretariat","year":"2017","author":"Trammell B.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_2"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the First Workshop on Securing and Trusting Internet Names (SATIN)","year":"2011","author":"Weaver N.","key":"e_1_2_1_39_2"},{"volume-title":"Defense Technical Information Center","year":"2009","author":"Willinger W.","key":"e_1_2_1_40_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Wing and A. Yourtchenko. Happy Eyeballs: Success with Dual-Stack Hosts. RFC 6555 Apr. 2012.  D. Wing and A. Yourtchenko. Happy Eyeballs: Success with Dual-Stack Hosts. RFC 6555 Apr. 2012.","key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6555"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3089262.3089264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3089262.3089264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:30:07Z","timestamp":1750217407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3089262.3089264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3089262.3089264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3089262.3089264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-4833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}