{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:54:20Z","timestamp":1775512460652,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":58,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lichtenberg Professorship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lichtenberg Professorship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3098279.3098529","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T12:27:52Z","timestamp":1504268872000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pharos"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Wenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Malaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Sch\u00f6ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3012709.3012728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Usability Evaluation in Industry, Patrick W","author":"Brooke John","unstructured":"John Brooke . 1996. SUS - A Quick and Dirty Usability Scale . In Usability Evaluation in Industry, Patrick W . Jordan, Bruce Thomas, Ian L. McClelland, and Bernard Weerdmeester (Eds.). Taylor & Francis , London, England . http:\/\/usabilitynet.org\/trump\/documents\/Suschapt.doc John Brooke. 1996. SUS - A Quick and Dirty Usability Scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry, Patrick W. Jordan, Bruce Thomas, Ian L. McClelland, and Bernard Weerdmeester (Eds.). Taylor & Francis, London, England. http:\/\/usabilitynet.org\/trump\/documents\/Suschapt.doc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Imagenet: A Large-scale Hierarchical Image Database. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR","author":"Deng Jia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jia Deng , Wei Dong , Richard Socher , Li-Jia Li , Kai Li , and Li Fei-Fei . 2009 . Imagenet: A Large-scale Hierarchical Image Database. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2009). IEEE, 248--255. Jia Deng, Wei Dong, Richard Socher, Li-Jia Li, Kai Li, and Li Fei-Fei. 2009. Imagenet: A Large-scale Hierarchical Image Database. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2009). IEEE, 248--255."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"DeCAF: A Deep Convolutional Activation Feature for Generic Visual Recognition. CoRR abs\/1310.1531","author":"Donahue Jeff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeff Donahue , Yangqing Jia , Oriol Vinyals , Judy Hoffman , Ning Zhang , Eric Tzeng , and Trevor Darrell . 2013. DeCAF: A Deep Convolutional Activation Feature for Generic Visual Recognition. CoRR abs\/1310.1531 ( 2013 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1310.1531 Jeff Donahue, Yangqing Jia, Oriol Vinyals, Judy Hoffman, Ning Zhang, Eric Tzeng, and Trevor Darrell. 2013. DeCAF: A Deep Convolutional Activation Feature for Generic Visual Recognition. CoRR abs\/1310.1531 (2013). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1310.1531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2380816.2380908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.31.2.195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Bidimensional Regression: Assessing the Configural Similarity and Accuracy of Cognitive Maps and other Two-dimensional Data Sets. Psychological methods 8, 4","author":"Friedman Alinda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alinda Friedman and Bernd Kohler . 2003 . Bidimensional Regression: Assessing the Configural Similarity and Accuracy of Cognitive Maps and other Two-dimensional Data Sets. Psychological methods 8, 4 (2003), 468--49. Alinda Friedman and Bernd Kohler. 2003. Bidimensional Regression: Assessing the Configural Similarity and Accuracy of Cognitive Maps and other Two-dimensional Data Sets. Psychological methods 8, 4 (2003), 468--49."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916584161001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7185(92)90017-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801859939","volume-title":"Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes","author":"Golledge Reginald G","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reginald G Golledge . 1999 . Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes . JHU press . Reginald G Golledge. 1999. Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes. JHU press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290512331319021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2513383.2513448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Stavenland","author":"Hart Sandra G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E . Stavenland . 1988 . Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. In Human Mental Workload, P. A. Hancock and N. Meshkati (Eds.). Elsevier , 139--183. http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/20000004342_1999205624.pdf Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E. Stavenland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. In Human Mental Workload, P. A. Hancock and N. Meshkati (Eds.). Elsevier, 139--183. http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/20000004342_1999205624.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01516-8_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007790200025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11556114_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Interactive Positioning Based on Object Visibility","author":"Kray Christian","unstructured":"Christian Kray and Gerd Kortuem . 2004. Interactive Positioning Based on Object Visibility . Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin , Heidelberg , 276--287. Christian Kray and Gerd Kortuem. 2004. Interactive Positioning Based on Object Visibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 276--287."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Alex Krizhevsky Ilya Sutskever and Geoffrey E Hinton. 2012. Imagenet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 1097--1105.   Alex Krizhevsky Ilya Sutskever and Geoffrey E Hinton. 2012. Imagenet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 1097--1105."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Visibility Dominance and Topographic Features on Digital Elevation Models","volume":"60","author":"Lee Jan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jan Lee . 1994 . Visibility Dominance and Topographic Features on Digital Elevation Models . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 60 , 4 (1994), 451 -- 456 . Jan Lee. 1994. Visibility Dominance and Topographic Features on Digital Elevation Models. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 60, 4 (1994), 451--456.","journal-title":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Landmark Classification in Large-scale Image Collections. In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision. 1957--1964","author":"Li Yunpeng","unstructured":"Yunpeng Li , D. J. Crandall , and D. P. Huttenlocher . 2009 . Landmark Classification in Large-scale Image Collections. In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision. 1957--1964 . Yunpeng Li, D. J. Crandall, and D. P. Huttenlocher. 2009. Landmark Classification in Large-scale Image Collections. In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision. 1957--1964."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2732811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Elements of Good Route Directions in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments. In International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. Springer, 65--82","author":"Lovelace Kristin L","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kristin L Lovelace , Mary Hegarty , and Daniel R Montello . 1999 . Elements of Good Route Directions in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments. In International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. Springer, 65--82 . Kristin L Lovelace, Mary Hegarty, and Daniel R Montello. 1999. Elements of Good Route Directions in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments. In International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. Springer, 65--82."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/850924.851523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1873951.1873972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"The Image of the City","author":"Lynch Kevin","unstructured":"Kevin Lynch . 1960. The Image of the City . MIT press . Kevin Lynch. 1960. The Image of the City. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Deep Map: Challenging IT Research in the Framework of a Tourist Information System. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism","author":"Malaka Rainer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rainer Malaka and Alexander Zipf . 2000 . Deep Map: Challenging IT Research in the Framework of a Tourist Information System. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2000. Springer , 15--27. Rainer Malaka and Alexander Zipf. 2000. Deep Map: Challenging IT Research in the Framework of a Tourist Information System. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2000. Springer, 15--27."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.889439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"The construction of cognitive maps","author":"Montello Daniel R","unstructured":"Daniel R Montello and Andrew U Frank . 1996. Modeling Directional Knowledge and Reasoning in Environmental Space: Testing Qualitative Metrics . In The construction of cognitive maps . Springer , 321--344. Daniel R Montello and Andrew U Frank. 1996. Modeling Directional Knowledge and Reasoning in Environmental Space: Testing Qualitative Metrics. In The construction of cognitive maps. Springer, 321--344."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2010.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645739.758125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks. In International Conference on Geographic Information Science. Springer, 243--259","author":"Raubal Martin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin Raubal and Stephan Winter . 2002 . Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks. In International Conference on Geographic Information Science. Springer, 243--259 . Martin Raubal and Stephan Winter. 2002. Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks. In International Conference on Geographic Information Science. Springer, 243--259."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851600.1851660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"The Use of Landmarks in Pedestrian Navigation Instructions and the Effects of Context","author":"Ross Tracy","unstructured":"Tracy Ross , Andrew May , and Simon Thompson . 2004. The Use of Landmarks in Pedestrian Navigation Instructions and the Effects of Context . Springer Berlin Heidelberg , Berlin, Heidelberg , 300--304. Tracy Ross, Andrew May, and Simon Thompson. 2004. The Use of Landmarks in Pedestrian Navigation Instructions and the Effects of Context. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 300--304."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1613858.1613876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2407(08)60007-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1613858.1613875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (COSIT '99)","author":"Molly","unstructured":"Molly E. Sorrows and Stephen C. Hirtle. 1999. The Nature of Landmarks for Real and Electronic Spaces . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (COSIT '99) . Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 37--50. http:\/\/portal.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646127.758644 Molly E. Sorrows and Stephen C. Hirtle. 1999. The Nature of Landmarks for Real and Electronic Spaces. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (COSIT '99). Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 37--50. http:\/\/portal.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646127.758644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474600566628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1994.tb00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Referring to Landmark or Street Information in Route Directions: What Difference Does It Make? Springer Berlin Heidelberg","author":"Tom Ariane","unstructured":"Ariane Tom and Michel Denis . 2003. Referring to Landmark or Street Information in Route Directions: What Difference Does It Make? Springer Berlin Heidelberg , Berlin, Heidelberg , 362--374. Ariane Tom and Michel Denis. 2003. Referring to Landmark or Street Information in Route Directions: What Difference Does It Make? Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 362--374."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-013-0620-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785830.2785862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2935334.2935373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b33106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493190.2493235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206749"}],"event":{"name":"MobileHCI '17: 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","location":"Vienna Austria","acronym":"MobileHCI '17","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3098279.3098529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3098279.3098529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1750217962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3098279.3098529"}},"subtitle":["improving navigation instructions on smartwatches by including global landmarks"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3098279.3098529","10.1145\/3098279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3098279.3098529","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-09-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}