{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:49:51Z","timestamp":1776113391604,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["648785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["648785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electric muscle stimulation (EMS) can enable mobile force feedback, support pedestrian navigation, or confer object affordances. To date, however, EMS is limited by two interlinked problems. (1) EMS is low resolution -- achieving only coarse movements and constraining opportunities for exploration. (2) EMS requires time consuming, expert calibration -- confining these interaction techniques to the lab. EMS arrays have been shown to increase stimulation resolution, but as calibration complexity increases exponentially as more electrodes are used, we require heuristics or automated procedures for successful calibration. We explore the feasibility of using electromyography (EMG) to auto-calibrate high density EMS arrays. We determine regions of muscle activity during human-performed gestures, to inform stimulation patterns for EMS-performed gestures. We report on a study which shows that auto-calibration of a 60-electrode array is feasible: achieving 52% accuracy across six gestures, with 82% accuracy across our best three gestures. By highlighting the electrode-array calibration problem, and presenting a first exploration of a potential solution, this work lays the foundations for high resolution, wearable and, perhaps one day, ubiquitous EMS beyond the lab.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3130933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T12:12:26Z","timestamp":1505131946000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Automatic Calibration of High Density Electric Muscle Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jarrod","family":"Knibbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Strohmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Boring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Hornb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702501"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Assad Christopher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christopher Assad , Michael Wolf , Theodoros Theodoridis , Kyrre Glette , and Adrian Stoica . 2013 . BioSleeve: A Natural EMG-based Interface for HRI. {In Proceedings of the 8th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI \u201913), 69--70} . Retrieved September 18, 2016 from http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2447556.2447571 Christopher Assad, Michael Wolf, Theodoros Theodoridis, Kyrre Glette, and Adrian Stoica. 2013. BioSleeve: A Natural EMG-based Interface for HRI. {In Proceedings of the 8th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-robot Interaction (HRI \u201913), 69--70}. Retrieved September 18, 2016 from http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2447556.2447571"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Milind Deogaonkar, and Ali R. Rezai.","author":"Bouton Chad E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chad E. Bouton , Ammar Shaikhouni , Nicholas V. Annetta , Marcia A. Bockbrader , David A. Friedenberg , Dylan M. Nielson , Gaurav Sharma , Per B. Sederberg , Bradley C. Glenn , W. Jerry Mysiw , Austin G. Morgan , Milind Deogaonkar, and Ali R. Rezai. 2016 . Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia. Nature 533, 7602: 247--250}. Chad E. Bouton, Ammar Shaikhouni, Nicholas V. Annetta, Marcia A. Bockbrader, David A. Friedenberg, Dylan M. Nielson, Gaurav Sharma, Per B. Sederberg, Bradley C. Glenn, W. Jerry Mysiw, Austin G. Morgan, Milind Deogaonkar, and Ali R. Rezai. 2016. Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia. Nature 533, 7602: 247--250}."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9569-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","article-title":"Multicontact functional electrical stimulation for hand opening: electrophysiologically driven identification of the optimal stimulation site","author":"Marchis Cristiano De","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cristiano De Marchis , Thiago Santos Monteiro , Cristina Simon-Martinez , Silvia Conforto , and Alireza Gharabaghi . 2016 . Multicontact functional electrical stimulation for hand opening: electrophysiologically driven identification of the optimal stimulation site . Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 13}. Cristiano De Marchis, Thiago Santos Monteiro, Cristina Simon-Martinez, Silvia Conforto, and Alireza Gharabaghi. 2016. Multicontact functional electrical stimulation for hand opening: electrophysiologically driven identification of the optimal stimulation site. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 13}.","journal-title":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 13}."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968219.2979136"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00026-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Gazzoni Nicol\u00f2 Celadon Davide Mastrapasqua Marco Paleari Valentina Margaria and Paolo Ariano. 2014. Quantifying Forearm Muscle Activity during Wrist and Finger Movements by Means of Multi-Channel Electromyography. PLOS ONE 9 10: e109943}.  Marco Gazzoni Nicol\u00f2 Celadon Davide Mastrapasqua Marco Paleari Valentina Margaria and Paolo Ariano. 2014. Quantifying Forearm Muscle Activity during Wrist and Finger Movements by Means of Multi-Channel Electromyography. PLOS ONE 9 10: e109943}.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109943"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2459236.2459279"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892352"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Keller M. Lawrence A. Kuhn and M. Morari. 2006. New Multi-Channel Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Technology for Rehabilitation. {In 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2006. EMBS \u201906 194--197}.  T. Keller M. Lawrence A. Kuhn and M. Morari. 2006. New Multi-Channel Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Technology for Rehabilitation. {In 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2006. EMBS \u201906 194--197}.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259399"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/JAC0802035K"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreas Kuhn Thierry Keller Silvestro Micera and Manfred Morari. 2009. Array electrode design for transcutaneous electrical stimulation: a simulation study. Medical Engineering 8 Physics 31 8: 945--951}.  Andreas Kuhn Thierry Keller Silvestro Micera and Manfred Morari. 2009. Array electrode design for transcutaneous electrical stimulation: a simulation study. Medical Engineering 8 Physics 31 8: 945--951}.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481355"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2459236.2459276"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807442.2807443"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702461"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702128"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984530"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-9-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/JAC1001053M"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2004.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858093"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000107595"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2890244"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702190"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53815-4.00005-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt.2010.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00354.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984751.2985743"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. T. Wolf C. Assad A. Stoica Kisung You H. Jethani M. T. Vernacchia J. Fromm and Y. Iwashita. 2013. Decoding static and dynamic arm and hand gestures from the JPL BioSleeve. {In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference 1--9}.  M. T. Wolf C. Assad A. Stoica Kisung You H. Jethani M. T. Vernacchia J. Fromm and Y. Iwashita. 2013. Decoding static and dynamic arm and hand gestures from the JPL BioSleeve. {In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference 1--9}.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2013.6497171"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"1\n  .  The Flexors And Extensors Of The Fingers. Retrieved May 2 2017 from http:\/\/chestofbooks.com\/health\/anatomy\/Human-Body-Construction\/1-The-Flexors-And-Extensors-Of-The-Fingers.html  1. The Flexors And Extensors Of The Fingers. Retrieved May 2 2017 from http:\/\/chestofbooks.com\/health\/anatomy\/Human-Body-Construction\/1-The-Flexors-And-Extensors-Of-The-Fingers.html"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3130933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3130933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:13:19Z","timestamp":1750212799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3130933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3130933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3130933","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}