{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:31:33Z","timestamp":1775068293400,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3140107.3140111","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T12:24:55Z","timestamp":1527596695000},"page":"11-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neural Machine Translation of Indian Languages"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Revanuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIT Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Turlapaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIT Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shrisha","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIT Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings 1997 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP '97","year":"1997","unstructured":"1997. Proceedings 1997 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP '97 , Santa Barbara, California, USA , October 26-29, 1997 . IEEE Computer Society. http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4998 1997. Proceedings 1997 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP '97, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 26-29, 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn Abadi Ashish Agarwal Paul Barham Eugene Brevdo Zhifeng Chen Craig Citro Greg S. Corrado Andy Davis Jeffrey Dean Matthieu Devin Sanjay Ghemawat Ian Goodfellow Andrew Harp Geoffrey Irving Michael Isard Yangqing Jia Rafal Jozefowicz Lukasz Kaiser Manjunath Kudlur Josh Levenberg Dan Man\u00e9 Rajat Monga Sherry Moore Derek Murray Chris Olah Mike Schuster Jonathon Shlens Benoit Steiner Ilya Sutskever Kunal Talwar Paul Tucker Vincent Vanhoucke Vijay Vasudevan Fernanda Vi\u00e9gas Oriol Vinyals Pete Warden Martin Wattenberg Martin Wicke Yuan Yu and Xiaoqiang Zheng. 2015. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems. http:\/\/tensorflow.org\/ Software available from tensorflow.org.  Mart\u00edn Abadi Ashish Agarwal Paul Barham Eugene Brevdo Zhifeng Chen Craig Citro Greg S. Corrado Andy Davis Jeffrey Dean Matthieu Devin Sanjay Ghemawat Ian Goodfellow Andrew Harp Geoffrey Irving Michael Isard Yangqing Jia Rafal Jozefowicz Lukasz Kaiser Manjunath Kudlur Josh Levenberg Dan Man\u00e9 Rajat Monga Sherry Moore Derek Murray Chris Olah Mike Schuster Jonathon Shlens Benoit Steiner Ilya Sutskever Kunal Talwar Paul Tucker Vincent Vanhoucke Vijay Vasudevan Fernanda Vi\u00e9gas Oriol Vinyals Pete Warden Martin Wattenberg Martin Wicke Yuan Yu and Xiaoqiang Zheng. 2015. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems. http:\/\/tensorflow.org\/ Software available from tensorflow.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"INTERSPEECH 2004 - ICSLIP: Proceedings, 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing: October 4-8, 2004, International Convention Center Jeju","author":"International Speech Communication Association","year":"2004","unstructured":"International Speech Communication Association . 2004 . INTERSPEECH 2004 - ICSLIP: Proceedings, 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing: October 4-8, 2004, International Convention Center Jeju , Jeju Island, Korea. Sunjin Printing Company. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=nL9IHwAACAAJ International Speech Communication Association. 2004. INTERSPEECH 2004 - ICSLIP: Proceedings, 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing: October 4-8, 2004, International Convention Center Jeju, Jeju Island, Korea. Sunjin Printing Company. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=nL9IHwAACAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. CoRR abs\/1409.0473","author":"Bahdanau Dzmitry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dzmitry Bahdanau , Kyunghyun Cho , and Yoshua Bengio . 2014. Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. CoRR abs\/1409.0473 ( 2014 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1409.0473 Dzmitry Bahdanau, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. CoRR abs\/1409.0473 (2014). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1409.0473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1072064.1072067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois Chollet et al. 2015. Keras. https:\/\/github.com\/fchollet\/keras.  Fran\u00e7ois Chollet et al. 2015. Keras. https:\/\/github.com\/fchollet\/keras."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2021068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Dauphin","author":"Gehring Jonas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jonas Gehring , Michael Auli , David Grangier , Denis Yarats , and Yann N . Dauphin . 2017 . Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learning. CoRR abs\/1705.03122 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1705.03122 Jonas Gehring, Michael Auli, David Grangier, Denis Yarats, and Yann N. Dauphin. 2017. Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learning. CoRR abs\/1705.03122 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1705.03122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Siddhartha Ghosh Sujata Thamke and Kalyani U. R. S. 2014. Translation Of Telugu-Marathi and Vice-Versa using Rule Based Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1406.3969 (2014). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1406.3969  Siddhartha Ghosh Sujata Thamke and Kalyani U. R. S. 2014. Translation Of Telugu-Marathi and Vice-Versa using Rule Based Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1406.3969 (2014). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1406.3969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488598000094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Google's Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System: Enabling Zero-Shot Translation. CoRR abs\/1611.04558","author":"Johnson Melvin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Melvin Johnson , Mike Schuster , Quoc V. Le , Maxim Krikun , Yonghui Wu , Zhifeng Chen , Nikhil Thorat , Fernanda B. Vi\u00e9gas , Martin Wattenberg , Greg Corrado , Macduff Hughes , and Jeffrey Dean . 2016. Google's Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System: Enabling Zero-Shot Translation. CoRR abs\/1611.04558 ( 2016 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.04558 Melvin Johnson, Mike Schuster, Quoc V. Le, Maxim Krikun, Yonghui Wu, Zhifeng Chen, Nikhil Thorat, Fernanda B. Vi\u00e9gas, Martin Wattenberg, Greg Corrado, Macduff Hughes, and Jeffrey Dean. 2016. Google's Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System: Enabling Zero-Shot Translation. CoRR abs\/1611.04558 (2016). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.04558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Rush","author":"Klein Guillaume","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guillaume Klein , Yoon Kim , Yuntian Deng , Jean Senellart , and Alexander M . Rush . 2017 . OpenNMT: Open- Source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1701.02810 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.02810 Guillaume Klein, Yoon Kim, Yuntian Deng, Jean Senellart, and Alexander M. Rush. 2017. OpenNMT: Open-Source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1701.02810 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.02810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Statistical Machine Translation","author":"Koehn P.","unstructured":"P. Koehn . 2010. Statistical Machine Translation . Cambridge University Press . https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=4v_Cx1wIMLkC P. Koehn. 2010. Statistical Machine Translation. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=4v_Cx1wIMLkC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-009-9059-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"W.N. Locke and A.D. Booth. 1955. Machine translation of languages: fourteen essays. Published jointly by Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Wiley New York. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=dK8iAAAAMAAJ  W.N. Locke and A.D. Booth. 1955. Machine translation of languages: fourteen essays. Published jointly by Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Wiley New York. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=dK8iAAAAMAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Manning","author":"Luong Minh-Thang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Minh-Thang Luong , Hieu Pham , and Christopher D . Manning . 2015 . Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1508.04025 (2015). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1508.04025 Minh-Thang Luong, Hieu Pham, and Christopher D. Manning. 2015. Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1508.04025 (2015). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1508.04025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Weighted Sampling, and the Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27","author":"Needell Deanna","unstructured":"Deanna Needell , Rachel Ward , and Nati Srebro . 2014. Stochastic Gradient Descent , Weighted Sampling, and the Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 , Z. Ghahramani, M. Welling, C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence, and K. Q. Weinberger (Eds.). Curran Associates, Inc. , 1017--1025. Deanna Needell, Rachel Ward, and Nati Srebro. 2014. Stochastic Gradient Descent, Weighted Sampling, and the Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27, Z. Ghahramani, M. Welling, C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence, and K. Q. Weinberger (Eds.). Curran Associates, Inc., 1017--1025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Neural Machine Translation and Sequence-to-sequence Models: A Tutorial. CoRR abs\/1703.01619","author":"Neubig Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham Neubig . 2017. Neural Machine Translation and Sequence-to-sequence Models: A Tutorial. CoRR abs\/1703.01619 ( 2017 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.01619 Graham Neubig. 2017. Neural Machine Translation and Sequence-to-sequence Models: A Tutorial. CoRR abs\/1703.01619 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.01619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Understanding the exploding gradient problem. CoRR abs\/1211.5063","author":"Pascanu Razvan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razvan Pascanu , Tomas Mikolov , and Yoshua Bengio . 2012. Understanding the exploding gradient problem. CoRR abs\/1211.5063 ( 2012 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1211.5063 Razvan Pascanu, Tomas Mikolov, and Yoshua Bengio. 2012. Understanding the exploding gradient problem. CoRR abs\/1211.5063 (2012). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1211.5063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). 924--931","author":"Salunkhe P.","unstructured":"P. Salunkhe , A. D. Kadam , S. Joshi , S. Patil , D. Thakore , and S. Jadhav . 2016. Hybrid machine translation for English to Marathi: A research evaluation in Machine Translation: (Hybrid translator) . In 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). 924--931 . P. Salunkhe, A. D. Kadam, S. Joshi, S. Patil, D. Thakore, and S. Jadhav. 2016. Hybrid machine translation for English to Marathi: A research evaluation in Machine Translation: (Hybrid translator). In 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). 924--931."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cje.2016.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014","author":"Sutskever Ilya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilya Sutskever , Oriol Vinyals , and Quoc V. Le . 2014. Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks . In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014 , December 8-13 2014 , Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3104--3112. http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/5346-sequence-to-sequence-learning-with-neural-networks Ilya Sutskever, Oriol Vinyals, and Quoc V. Le. 2014. Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014, December 8-13 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3104--3112. http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/5346-sequence-to-sequence-learning-with-neural-networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Knowledge Based Machine Translation. In 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies. 1--5.","author":"Tahir G. R.","unstructured":"G. R. Tahir , S. Asghar , and N. Masood . 2010 . Knowledge Based Machine Translation. In 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies. 1--5. G. R. Tahir, S. Asghar, and N. Masood. 2010. Knowledge Based Machine Translation. In 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies. 1--5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(06)70193-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Adversarial Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1704.06933","author":"Wu Lijun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lijun Wu , Yingce Xia , Li Zhao , Fei Tian , Tao Qin , Jian-huang Lai, and Tie-Yan Liu . 2017. Adversarial Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1704.06933 ( 2017 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1704.06933 Lijun Wu, Yingce Xia, Li Zhao, Fei Tian, Tao Qin, Jian-huang Lai, and Tie-Yan Liu. 2017. Adversarial Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1704.06933 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1704.06933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing. 341--346","author":"Wu W.","unstructured":"W. Wu and L. Li . 2013. Automated Chinese-English translation scoring based on answer knowledge base . In 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing. 341--346 . W. Wu and L. Li. 2013. Automated Chinese-English translation scoring based on answer knowledge base. In 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing. 341--346."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1609.08144","author":"Wu Yonghui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yonghui Wu , Mike Schuster , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc V. Le , Mohammad Norouzi , Wolfgang Macherey , Maxim Krikun , Yuan Cao , Qin Gao , Klaus Macherey , Jeff Klingner , Apurva Shah , Melvin Johnson , Xiaobing Liu , Lukasz Kaiser , Stephan Gouws , Yoshikiyo Kato , Taku Kudo , Hideto Kazawa , Keith Stevens , George Kurian , Nishant Patil , Wei Wang , Cliff Young , Jason Smith , Jason Riesa , Alex Rudnick , Oriol Vinyals , Greg Corrado , Macduff Hughes , and Jeffrey Dean . 2016. Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1609.08144 ( 2016 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1609.08144 Yonghui Wu, Mike Schuster, Zhifeng Chen, Quoc V. Le, Mohammad Norouzi, Wolfgang Macherey, Maxim Krikun, Yuan Cao, Qin Gao, Klaus Macherey, Jeff Klingner, Apurva Shah, Melvin Johnson, Xiaobing Liu, Lukasz Kaiser, Stephan Gouws, Yoshikiyo Kato, Taku Kudo, Hideto Kazawa, Keith Stevens, George Kurian, Nishant Patil, Wei Wang, Cliff Young, Jason Smith, Jason Riesa, Alex Rudnick, Oriol Vinyals, Greg Corrado, Macduff Hughes, and Jeffrey Dean. 2016. Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1609.08144 (2016). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1609.08144"}],"event":{"name":"Compute '17: ACM Compute 2017","location":"Bhopal India","acronym":"Compute '17","sponsor":["ACM India ACM India"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM India Compute Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3140107.3140111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3140107.3140111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:14:02Z","timestamp":1750212842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3140107.3140111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3140107.3140111","10.1145\/3140107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3140107.3140111","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}