{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:41:25Z","timestamp":1770993685523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Problem:<\/jats:italic>\n            The involvement of external stakeholders in capstone projects and project courses is desirable due to its potential positive effects on the students. Capstone projects particularly profit from the inclusion of an industrial partner to make the project relevant and help students acquire professional skills. In addition, an increasing push towards education that is aligned with industry and incorporates industrial partners can be observed. However, the involvement of external stakeholders in teaching moments can create friction and could, in the worst case, lead to frustration of all involved parties.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Contribution:<\/jats:italic>\n            We developed a model that allows analysing the involvement of external stakeholders in university courses both in a retrospective fashion, to gain insights from past course instances, and in a constructive fashion, to plan the involvement of external stakeholders.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Key Concepts:<\/jats:italic>\n            The conceptual model and the accompanying guideline guide the teachers in their analysis of stakeholder involvement. The model is comprised of several activities (define, execute, and evaluate the collaboration). The guideline provides questions that the teachers should answer for each of these activities. In the constructive use, the model allows teachers to define an action plan based on an analysis of potential stakeholders and the pedagogical objectives. In the retrospective use, the model allows teachers to identify issues that appeared during the project and their underlying causes. Drawing from ideas of the reflective practitioner, the model contains an emphasis on reflection and interpretation of the observations made by the teacher and other groups involved in the courses.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Key Lessons:<\/jats:italic>\n            Applying the model retrospectively to a total of eight courses shows that it is possible to reveal hitherto implicit risks and assumptions and to gain a better insight into the interaction between external stakeholders and students. Our empirical data reveals seven recurring risk themes that categorise the different risks appearing in the analysed courses. These themes can also be used to categorise mitigation strategies to address these risks proactively. Additionally, aspects not related to external stakeholders, e.g., about the interaction of the project with other courses in the study programme, have been revealed. The constructive use of the model for one course has proved helpful in identifying action alternatives and finally deciding to not include external stakeholders in the project due to the perceived cost-benefit-ratio.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Implications to Practice:<\/jats:italic>\n            Our evaluation shows that the model is a viable and useful tool that allows teachers to reason about and plan the involvement of external stakeholders in a variety of course settings, and in particular in capstone projects.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3152098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T20:15:18Z","timestamp":1531340118000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Involving External Stakeholders in Project Courses"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1694-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Philipp","family":"Stegh\u00f6fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Burden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE Viktoria, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Hebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Gul","family":"Calikli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Imed","family":"Hammouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden and Mediterranean Institute of Technology, South Mediterranean University, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Horkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Knauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Grischa","family":"Liebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers | University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Teaching in a Digital Age","author":"Bates Tony","unstructured":"Tony Bates . 2015. Teaching in a Digital Age . Tony Bates Associates Ltd . Available online: https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/. Tony Bates. 2015. Teaching in a Digital Age. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. Available online: https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00138871"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018988827405"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. Jossey-Bass","author":"Brookfield Stephen","unstructured":"Stephen Brookfield . 1995. Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. Jossey-Bass , San Francisco . Stephen Brookfield. 1995. Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2732155"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449814.1449868"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2014.6816781"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2014.6816775"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2016.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"8th Revised Edition.","author":"Dick Walter","unstructured":"Walter Dick , Lou Carey , and James O Carey . 2014. The Systematic Design of Instruction. Pearson Education . 8th Revised Edition. Walter Dick, Lou Carey, and James O Carey. 2014. The Systematic Design of Instruction. Pearson Education. 8th Revised Edition."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Software engineering curriculum technology transfer: Lessons learned from MOOCs and SPOCs","author":"Fox Armando","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armando Fox , David A. Patterson , Richard Ilson , Samuel Joseph , Kristen Walcott-Justice , and Rose Williams . 2014. Software engineering curriculum technology transfer: Lessons learned from MOOCs and SPOCs . Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley, Technical Report. Retrieved July 2016 from http:\/\/digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu\/techreports\/ucb\/text\/EECS-2014-17.pdf. Armando Fox, David A. Patterson, Richard Ilson, Samuel Joseph, Kristen Walcott-Justice, and Rose Williams. 2014. Software engineering curriculum technology transfer: Lessons learned from MOOCs and SPOCs. Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley, Technical Report. Retrieved July 2016 from http:\/\/digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu\/techreports\/ucb\/text\/EECS-2014-17.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2663678.2663679"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"2013 26th International Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T\u2019\u2019\u201913)","author":"Gabrysiak G.","unstructured":"G. Gabrysiak , R. Hebig , L. Pirl , and H. Giese . 2013. Cooperating with a non-governmental organization to teach gathering and implementation of requirements . In 2013 26th International Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T\u2019\u2019\u201913) . 11--20. G. Gabrysiak, R. Hebig, L. Pirl, and H. Giese. 2013. Cooperating with a non-governmental organization to teach gathering and implementation of requirements. In 2013 26th International Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T\u2019\u2019\u201913). 11--20."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1289280.1289319"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/523979.794226"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2009.2016106"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Enhancing Innovation Competencies through Advances in Engineering Education","author":"Kans Mirka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirka Kans . 2016 . What should we teach?: A study of stakeholders preceptions on curriculum content . In Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Enhancing Innovation Competencies through Advances in Engineering Education , Turku, Finland, June 12--16 , 2016. Turku University of Applied Sciences, 266--278. Mirka Kans. 2016. What should we teach?: A study of stakeholders preceptions on curriculum content. In Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Enhancing Innovation Competencies through Advances in Engineering Education, Turku, Finland, June 12--16, 2016. Turku University of Applied Sciences, 266--278."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development","author":"Kolb David A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"David A. Kolb . 2014 . Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development . FT Press . David A. Kolb. 2014. Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. FT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/523979.794223"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632361"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"Mary McAleese Agneta Bladh Vincent Berger Christian Bode Jan Muehlfeit Tea Petrin Alessandro Schiesaro and Loukas Tsoukalis. 2013. Improving the Quality of Teaching and Learning in Europes Higher Education Institutions. European Commission. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/education_culture\/repository\/education\/library\/reports\/modernisation_en.pdf.  Mary McAleese Agneta Bladh Vincent Berger Christian Bode Jan Muehlfeit Tea Petrin Alessandro Schiesaro and Loukas Tsoukalis. 2013. Improving the Quality of Teaching and Learning in Europes Higher Education Institutions. European Commission. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/education_culture\/repository\/education\/library\/reports\/modernisation_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Designing Effective Instruction","author":"Morrison Gary R.","unstructured":"Gary R. Morrison , Steven M. Ross , Jerrold E. Kemp , and Howard Kalman . 2010. Designing Effective Instruction . John Wiley 8 Sons. Gary R. Morrison, Steven M. Ross, Jerrold E. Kemp, and Howard Kalman. 2010. Designing Effective Instruction. John Wiley 8 Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13583881003629822"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2013.6595231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","unstructured":"Birgit Penzenstadler Debra J. Richardson Beth Karlin Allison Cook David Callele and Krzysztof Wnuk. 2014. Using non-profit partners to engage students in RE. In REET. 1--10.  Birgit Penzenstadler Debra J. Richardson Beth Karlin Allison Cook David Callele and Krzysztof Wnuk. 2014. Using non-profit partners to engage students in RE. In REET. 1--10."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. IEEE, 12--14","author":"Rosiene Carolyn Pe","unstructured":"Carolyn Pe Rosiene and Joel A. Rosiene . 2006. Experiences with a real software engineering client . In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. IEEE, 12--14 . Carolyn Pe Rosiene and Joel A. Rosiene. 2006. Experiences with a real software engineering client. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. IEEE, 12--14."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action","author":"Sch\u00f6n Donald A.","unstructured":"Donald A. Sch\u00f6n . 1983. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action . Basic Books . Donald A. Sch\u00f6n. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2016.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-2004-22201"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"EVS29 Electric Vehicle Symposium 8 Exhibition. Montreal","author":"Smith G\u00f6ran","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f6ran Smith , H\u00e5kan Burden , and Anders Hjalmarsson . 2016 a. Electricity innovation challenge: Experiences . In EVS29 Electric Vehicle Symposium 8 Exhibition. Montreal , Quebec, CA. G\u00f6ran Smith, H\u00e5kan Burden, and Anders Hjalmarsson. 2016a. Electricity innovation challenge: Experiences. In EVS29 Electric Vehicle Symposium 8 Exhibition. Montreal, Quebec, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2016","author":"Smith G\u00f6ran","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f6ran Smith , Anders Hjalmarsson , and H\u00e5kan Burden . 2016 b. Catalyzing knowledge transfer in innovation ecosystems through contests . In 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2016 , San Diego, CA, August 11--14 , 2016. Association for Information Systems. G\u00f6ran Smith, Anders Hjalmarsson, and H\u00e5kan Burden. 2016b. Catalyzing knowledge transfer in innovation ecosystems through contests. In 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2016, San Diego, CA, August 11--14, 2016. Association for Information Systems."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tl.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"The Art of Case Study Research","author":"Stake R. E.","unstructured":"R. E. Stake . 1995. The Art of Case Study Research . SAGE Publications . R. E. Stake. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2889160.2889181"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Kevin Kidder, Joseph R. Massi, and Kirk M. Anne.","author":"Stewart John C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"John C. Stewart , Carolyn Sher DeCusatis , Kevin Kidder, Joseph R. Massi, and Kirk M. Anne. 2009 . Evaluating Agile Principles in Active and Cooperative Learning. Technical Report. Pace University , White Plains, NY. John C. Stewart, Carolyn Sher DeCusatis, Kevin Kidder, Joseph R. Massi, and Kirk M. Anne. 2009. Evaluating Agile Principles in Active and Cooperative Learning. Technical Report. Pace University, White Plains, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","unstructured":"Dave Tahmoush Sandro Fouch\u00e9 Scott McMaster Jeff Stuckman and James Purtilo. 2009. Enhancing software project management courses with industry participation. In FECS. 135--140.  Dave Tahmoush Sandro Fouch\u00e9 Scott McMaster Jeff Stuckman and James Purtilo. 2009. Enhancing software project management courses with industry participation. In FECS. 135--140."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/072943600445628"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Five key ingredients for improving student motivation","volume":"12","author":"Williams Kaylene C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaylene C. Williams and Caroline C. Williams . 2011 . Five key ingredients for improving student motivation . Research in Higher Education Journal 12 (2011), 1 . Kaylene C. Williams and Caroline C. Williams. 2011. Five key ingredients for improving student motivation. Research in Higher Education Journal 12 (2011), 1.","journal-title":"Research in Higher Education Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/520049.794271"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computing Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3152098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3152098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:26:26Z","timestamp":1750213586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3152098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3152098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3152098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-6226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1946-6226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}