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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We introduce<jats:italic>FontCode<\/jats:italic>, an information embedding technique for text documents. Provided a text document with specific fonts, our method embeds user-specified information in the text by perturbing the glyphs of text characters while preserving the text content. We devise an algorithm to choose unobtrusive yet machine-recognizable glyph perturbations, leveraging a recently developed generative model that alters the glyphs of each character continuously on a font manifold. We then introduce an algorithm that embeds a user-provided message in the text document and produces an encoded document whose appearance is minimally perturbed from the original document. We also present a glyph recognition method that recovers the embedded information from an encoded document stored as a vector graphic or pixel image, or even on a printed paper. In addition, we introduce a new error-correction coding scheme that rectifies a certain number of recognition errors. Lastly, we demonstrate that our technique enables a wide array of applications, using it as a text document metadata holder, an unobtrusive optical barcode, a cryptographic message embedding scheme, and a text document signature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3152823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T15:27:23Z","timestamp":1519918043000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["FontCode"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9228-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changxi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn Abadi Ashish Agarwal Paul Barham Eugene Brevdo Zhifeng Chen Craig Citro etal 2015. 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