{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:25:07Z","timestamp":1787163907909,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":86,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3154273.3154333","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1515746997000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Proof of Work Without All the Work"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Diksha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Saia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science & Eng. Department, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48000-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148109.1148163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073814.1073873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/168588.168596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818936.2818949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2695533.2695545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"BitcoinWiki. 2016. Mining Hardware Comparison. (2016). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Mining_hardware_comparison.  BitcoinWiki. 2016. Mining Hardware Comparison. (2016). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Mining_hardware_comparison."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"BitcoinWiki. 2016. Non-Specialized Hardware Comparison. (2016). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Non-specialized_hardware_comparison.  BitcoinWiki. 2016. Non-Specialized Hardware Comparison. (2016). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Non-specialized_hardware_comparison."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"BitcoinWiki. 2017. BitcoinWiki: Network. (2017). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Main_Page.  BitcoinWiki. 2017. BitcoinWiki: Network. (2017). https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Main_Page."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Blockstack: The New Decentralized Internet.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blockstack. 2016 . Blockstack: The New Decentralized Internet. (2016). https:\/\/blockstack.org\/. Blockstack. 2016. Blockstack: The New Decentralized Internet. (2016). https:\/\/blockstack.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/P2P.2006.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). 167--176","author":"Cachin Christian","unstructured":"Christian Cachin and Jonathan A. Poritz . 2002. Secure Intrusion-Tolerant Replication on the Internet . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). 167--176 . Christian Cachin and Jonathan A. Poritz. 2002. Secure Intrusion-Tolerant Replication on the Internet. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). 167--176."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646762.706172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance","volume":"33","author":"Castro Miguel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov . 1998 . Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance . Operating Systems Review 33 (1998), 173 -- 186 . Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. 1998. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Operating Systems Review 33 (1998), 173--186.","journal-title":"Operating Systems Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 2372--2382","author":"Feng Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu chang Feng , Ed Kaiser , Wu chi Feng , and Antoine Luu . 2005 . The Design and Implementation of Network Puzzles . In Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 2372--2382 . Wu chang Feng, Ed Kaiser, Wu chi Feng, and Antoine Luu. 2005. The Design and Implementation of Network Puzzles. In Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 2372--2382."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 153--168","author":"Clement Allen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen Clement , Edmund Wong , Lorenzo Alvisi , Mike Dahlin , and Mirco Marchetti . 2009 . Making Byzantine Fault Tolerant Systems Tolerate Byzantine Faults . In Proceedings of the Sixth USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 153--168 . Allen Clement, Edmund Wong, Lorenzo Alvisi, Mike Dahlin, and Mirco Marchetti. 2009. Making Byzantine Fault Tolerant Systems Tolerate Byzantine Faults. In Proceedings of the Sixth USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). 153--168."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Bitcoin Now Accepted by 100,000 Merchants Worldwide. (February","author":"Cuthbertson Anthony","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anthony Cuthbertson . 2015. Bitcoin Now Accepted by 100,000 Merchants Worldwide. (February 2015 ). www.ibtimes.co.uk\/bitcoin-now-accepted-by-100000-merchants-worldwide-1486613. Anthony Cuthbertson. 2015. Bitcoin Now Accepted by 100,000 Merchants Worldwide. (February 2015). www.ibtimes.co.uk\/bitcoin-now-accepted-by-100000-merchants-worldwide-1486613."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11555827_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646334.687813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"City Banks Plan to Hoard Bitcoins to Help Them Pay Cyber Ransoms. (October","author":"Doward Jamie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jamie Doward . 2016. City Banks Plan to Hoard Bitcoins to Help Them Pay Cyber Ransoms. (October 2016 ). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/oct\/22\/city-banks-plan-to-hoard-bitcoins-to-help-them-pay-cyber-ransoms. Jamie Doward. 2016. City Banks Plan to Hoard Bitcoins to Help Them Pay Cyber Ransoms. (October 2016). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/oct\/22\/city-banks-plan-to-hoard-bitcoins-to-help-them-pay-cyber-ransoms."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646757.705669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"The Economist. 2015. The Magic of Mining. (2015). www.economist.com\/news\/business\/21638124-minting-digital-currency-has-become-big-ruthlessly-competitive-business-magic.  The Economist. 2015. The Magic of Mining. (2015). www.economist.com\/news\/business\/21638124-minting-digital-currency-has-become-big-ruthlessly-competitive-business-magic."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"The Economist. 2015. The Trust Machine. (2015). www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21677198-technology-behind-bitcoin-could-transform-how-economy-works-trust-machine.  The Economist. 2015. The Trust Machine. (2015). www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21677198-technology-behind-bitcoin-could-transform-how-economy-works-trust-machine."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Ethereum: Blockchain App. Program.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ethereum. 2016 . Ethereum: Blockchain App. Program. (2016). https:\/\/www.ethereum.org\/. Ethereum. 2016. Ethereum: Blockchain App. Program. (2016). https:\/\/www.ethereum.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/526021a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16)","author":"Eyal Ittay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin G\u00fcn Sirer , and Robbert Van Renesse . 2016 . Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol . In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16) . 45--59. Ittay Eyal, Adem Efe Gencer, Emin G\u00fcn Sirer, and Robbert Van Renesse. 2016. Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16). 45--59."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juan Garay Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos. 2015. The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol: Analysis and Applications. 281--310.  Juan Garay Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos. 2015. The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol: Analysis and Applications. 281--310.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2015.XI.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45174-8_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486159.2486172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Democoin: A Publicly Verifiable and Jointly Serviced Cryptocurrency. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015\/521.","author":"Gorbunov Sergey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sergey Gorbunov and Silvio Micali . 2015 . Democoin: A Publicly Verifiable and Jointly Serviced Cryptocurrency. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015\/521. (2015). http:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2015\/521. Sergey Gorbunov and Silvio Micali. 2015. Democoin: A Publicly Verifiable and Jointly Serviced Cryptocurrency. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015\/521. (2015). http:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2015\/521."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (LEET'11)","author":"Green Jeff","unstructured":"Jeff Green , Joshua Juen , Omid Fatemieh , Ravinder Shankesi , Dong Jin , and Carl A. Gunter . 2011. Reconstructing Hash Reversal Based Proof of Work Schemes . In Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (LEET'11) . 10--10. Jeff Green, Joshua Juen, Omid Fatemieh, Ravinder Shankesi, Dong Jin, and Carl A. Gunter. 2011. Reconstructing Hash Reversal Based Proof of Work Schemes. In Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (LEET'11). 10--10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proof of Work Without All the Work. CoRR abs\/1708.01285","author":"Gupta Diksha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diksha Gupta , Jared Saia , and Maxwell Young . 2017. Proof of Work Without All the Work. CoRR abs\/1708.01285 ( 2017 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1708.01285 Diksha Gupta, Jared Saia, and Maxwell Young. 2017. Proof of Work Without All the Work. CoRR abs\/1708.01285 (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1708.01285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Can This 22-year-old Coder Out-Bitcoin Bitcoin?","author":"Hackett Robert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robert Hackett . 2016. Can This 22-year-old Coder Out-Bitcoin Bitcoin? ( 2016 ). http:\/\/fortune.com\/ethereum-blockchain-vitalik-buterin\/. Robert Hackett. 2016. Can This 22-year-old Coder Out-Bitcoin Bitcoin? (2016). http:\/\/fortune.com\/ethereum-blockchain-vitalik-buterin\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Hashcat. 2016. Benchmark Results. (2016). http:\/\/thepasswordproject.com\/oclhashcat_benchmarking.  Hashcat. 2016. Benchmark Results. (2016). http:\/\/thepasswordproject.com\/oclhashcat_benchmarking."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Chain: Enabling a New Medium for Assets.","author":"Incorporated Chain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chain Incorporated . 2016 . Chain: Enabling a New Medium for Assets. (2016). https:\/\/chain.com\/. Chain Incorporated. 2016. Chain: Enabling a New Medium for Assets. (2016). https:\/\/chain.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Soft-Computing and Networks Security (ICSNS). 1--6.","author":"John R.","unstructured":"R. John , J. P. Cherian , and J. J. Kizhakkethottam . 2015. A Survey of Techniques to Prevent Sybil Attacks . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Soft-Computing and Networks Security (ICSNS). 1--6. R. John, J. P. Cherian, and J. J. Kizhakkethottam. 2015. A Survey of Techniques to Prevent Sybil Attacks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Soft-Computing and Networks Security (ICSNS). 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1364654.1364737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS). 679--697","author":"Ghassan","unstructured":"Ghassan O. Karame and Srdjan \u010capkun. 2010. Low-Cost Client Puzzles Based on Modular Exponentiation . In Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS). 679--697 . Ghassan O. Karame and Srdjan \u010capkun. 2010. Low-Cost Client Puzzles Based on Modular Exponentiation. In Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS). 679--697."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake. self-published paper, August 19","author":"King Sunny","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sunny King and Scott Nadal . 2012 . Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake. self-published paper, August 19 (2012). Sunny King and Scott Nadal. 2012. Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake. self-published paper, August 19 (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1835698.1835798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1989727.1989732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2462096.2462125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10623-015-0094-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/357172.357176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI'10)","author":"Lesniewski-Laas Chris","unstructured":"Chris Lesniewski-Laas and M. Frans Kaashoek . 2010. Whanau: A Sybil-Proof Distributed Hash Table . In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI'10) . 8--8. Chris Lesniewski-Laas and M. Frans Kaashoek. 2010. Whanau: A Sybil-Proof Distributed Hash Table. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI'10). 8--8."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382536.2382548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2398425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"What Greece can learn from bitcoin adoption in Latin America. (16","author":"Magro Pablo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pablo Magro . 2015. What Greece can learn from bitcoin adoption in Latin America. (16 July 2015 ). www.ibtimes.co.uk\/what-greece-can-learn-bitcoin-adoption-latin-america-1511183. Pablo Magro. 2015. What Greece can learn from bitcoin adoption in Latin America. (16 July 2015). www.ibtimes.co.uk\/what-greece-can-learn-bitcoin-adoption-latin-america-1511183."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1352533.1352541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger. CoRR abs\/1607.01341","author":"Micali Silvio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silvio Micali . 2016 . ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger. CoRR abs\/1607.01341 (2016). Silvio Micali. 2016. ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger. CoRR abs\/1607.01341 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Andrew Miller James Litton Andrew Pachulski Neil Spring Neal Gupta Dave Levin and Bobby Bhattacharjee. 2015. Discovering Bitcoin's Public Topology and Influential Nodes. (2015). http:\/\/cs.umd.edu\/projects\/coinscope\/coinscope.pdf.  Andrew Miller James Litton Andrew Pachulski Neil Spring Neal Gupta Dave Levin and Bobby Bhattacharjee. 2015. Discovering Bitcoin's Public Topology and Influential Nodes. (2015). http:\/\/cs.umd.edu\/projects\/coinscope\/coinscope.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05149-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6029\/smartcr.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/5236.5243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Recent Advances on Intrusion-Tolerant Systems. F21--F26","author":"M\u00f3nica Diogo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diogo M\u00f3nica , Jo ao Leit\u00e3o , Lu\u00eds Rodrigues , and Carlos Ribeiro . 2009 . On the Use of Radio Resource Tests in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks . In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Recent Advances on Intrusion-Tolerant Systems. F21--F26 . Diogo M\u00f3nica, Jo ao Leit\u00e3o, Lu\u00eds Rodrigues, and Carlos Ribeiro. 2009. On the Use of Radio Resource Tests in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Recent Advances on Intrusion-Tolerant Systems. F21--F26."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.","author":"Nakamoto Satoshi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Satoshi Nakamoto . 2008 . Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. (2008). http:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf. Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. (2008). http:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP-SmartWorld.2016.0070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/984622.984660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2015. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). http:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/FIPS\/NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf. (2015).  National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2015. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). http:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/FIPS\/NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Luke Parker. 2015. Blockchain Tech Startup Chain Inc Hits the Wall Street Motherload. (2015). http:\/\/bravenewcoin.com\/news\/blockchain-tech-startup-chain-inc-hits-the-wall-street-motherload\/.  Luke Parker. 2015. Blockchain Tech Startup Chain Inc Hits the Wall Street Motherload. (2015). http:\/\/bravenewcoin.com\/news\/blockchain-tech-startup-chain-inc-hits-the-wall-street-motherload\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1282427.1282413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","first-page":"917","article-title":"Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model","volume":"2016","author":"Pass Rafael","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi . 2016 . Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model . IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2016 (2016), 917 . Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi. 2016. Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2016 (2016), 917.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Hot Topics in System Dependability. USENIX Association, 9.","author":"Pregui\u00e7a Nuno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nuno Pregui\u00e7a , Rodrigo Rodrigues , Christ\u00f3v\u0101o Honorato , and Jo\u0101o Louren\u00e7o . 2008 . Byzantium: Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Database Replication Providing Snapshot Isolation . In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Hot Topics in System Dependability. USENIX Association, 9. Nuno Pregui\u00e7a, Rodrigo Rodrigues, Christ\u00f3v\u0101o Honorato, and Jo\u0101o Louren\u00e7o. 2008. Byzantium: Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Database Replication Providing Snapshot Isolation. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Hot Topics in System Dependability. USENIX Association, 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31912-9_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies. 1--14","author":"Rhea Sean","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sean Rhea , Patrick Eaton , Dennis Geels , Hakim Weatherspoon , Ben Zhao , and John Kubiatowicz . 2003 . Pond: The OceanStore prototype . In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies. 1--14 . Sean Rhea, Patrick Eaton, Dennis Geels, Hakim Weatherspoon, Ben Zhao, and John Kubiatowicz. 2003. Pond: The OceanStore prototype. In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies. 1--14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02930-1_47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX'09)","author":"Sherr Micah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Micah Sherr , Matt Blaze , and Boon Thau Loo . 2009 . Veracity: Practical Secure Network Coordinates via Vote-based Agreements . In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX'09) . 13--13. Micah Sherr, Matt Blaze, and Boon Thau Loo. 2009. Veracity: Practical Secure Network Coordinates via Vote-based Agreements. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX'09). 13--13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"SINTRA. 2017. SINTRA - Distributed Trust on the Internet. (2017). http:\/\/www.zurich.ibm.com\/security\/dti\/.  SINTRA. 2017. SINTRA - Distributed Trust on the Internet. (2017). http:\/\/www.zurich.ibm.com\/security\/dti\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"INDOCRYPT","author":"Srinathan K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"K. Srinathan and C. Pandu Rangan . 2000. Efficient Asynchronous Secure Multiparty Distributed Computation . In INDOCRYPT 2000 , Lecture Notes in Computer Science . Vol. 1977 . Springer-Verlag , 117--129. K. Srinathan and C. Pandu Rangan. 2000. Efficient Asynchronous Secure Multiparty Distributed Computation. In INDOCRYPT 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1977. Springer-Verlag, 117--129."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy","author":"Swan Melanie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Melanie Swan . 2015 . Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy . O'Reilly Media, Inc. Melanie Swan. 2015. Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O'Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2010.5466685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","unstructured":"Pavel Vasin. 2014. Blackcoin?s proof-of-stake protocol v2. (2014).  Pavel Vasin. 2014. Blackcoin?s proof-of-stake protocol v2. (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 78","author":"Wang XiaoFeng","unstructured":"XiaoFeng Wang and Michael K. Reiter . 2003. Defending Against Denial-of-Service Attacks with Puzzle Auctions . In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 78 . XiaoFeng Wang and Michael K. Reiter. 2003. Defending Against Denial-of-Service Attacks with Puzzle Auctions. In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 78."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1030083.1030117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Wide applicability","volume":"103","author":"Weibull Waloddi","year":"1951","unstructured":"Waloddi Weibull . 1951 . Wide applicability . Journal of applied mechanics 103 , 730 (1951), 293 -- 297 . Waloddi Weibull. 1951. Wide applicability. Journal of applied mechanics 103, 730 (1951), 293--297.","journal-title":"Journal of applied mechanics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2034575.2034593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1159913.1159945"}],"event":{"name":"ICDCN '18: 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","location":"Varanasi India","acronym":"ICDCN '18","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing","SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3154273.3154333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3154273.3154333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:11:26Z","timestamp":1750198286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3154273.3154333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3154273.3154333","10.1145\/3154273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3154273.3154333","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}