{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:10:22Z","timestamp":1780413022566,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Online social networks (OSNs) are structures that help users to interact, exchange, and propagate new ideas. The identification of the influential users in OSNs is a significant process for accelerating the propagation of information that includes marketing applications or hindering the dissemination of unwanted contents, such as viruses, negative online behaviors, and rumors. This article presents a detailed survey of influential users\u2019 identification algorithms and their performance evaluation approaches in OSNs. The survey covers recent techniques, applications, and open research issues on analysis of OSN connections for identification of influential users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3155897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T13:10:52Z","timestamp":1517490652000},"page":"1-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Analysis of Online Social Network Connections for Identification of Influential Users"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5204-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Al-Garadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasturi Dewi","family":"Varathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Devi","family":"Ravana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ejaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Mujtaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya, Sukkur Iba University, Sukkur, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman Shahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comsats Institute of IT, Abbottabad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samee U.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota State University, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Al-Garadi K. D. Varathan and S. D. Ravana. 2017. Identification of influential spreaders in online social networks using interaction weighted K-core decomposition method. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 468 278--288.  M. A. Al-Garadi K. D. Varathan and S. D. Ravana. 2017. Identification of influential spreaders in online social networks using interaction weighted K-core decomposition method. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 468 278--288.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Containing epidemic outbreaks by message-passing techniques","author":"Altarelli F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physical Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2013\/09\/P09011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/489212a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/nws.2013.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1935826.1935845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"V. Batagelj and M. Zaversnik. 2003. An O (m) algorithm for cores decomposition of networks. ArXiv Preprint cs\/0310049.  V. Batagelj and M. Zaversnik. 2003. An O (m) algorithm for cores decomposition of networks. ArXiv Preprint cs\/0310049."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.89.032804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13173-011-0051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.026116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2011.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.2001.9990249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963405.1963499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Catanese P. De Meo E. Ferrara G. Fiumara and A. Provetti. 2012. Extraction and analysis of Facebook friendship relations. Computational Social Networks. Springer 291--324.  S. Catanese P. De Meo E. Ferrara G. Fiumara and A. Provetti. 2012. Extraction and analysis of Facebook friendship relations. Computational Social Networks. Springer 291--324.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4054-2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2012.2183359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Measuring user influence in Twitter: The million follower fallacy","volume":"10","author":"Cha M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Icwsm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"ACQR: A novel framework to identify and predict influential users in micro-blogging. PACIS. 20.","author":"Chai W.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2011.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC-C.2013.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGC.2012.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Chen A. Collins R. Cummings T. Ke Z. Liu D. Rincon X. Sun Y. Wang W. Wei and Y. Yuan. 2011. Influence maximization in social networks when negative opinions may emerge and propagate. SDM. SIAM 379--390.  W. Chen A. Collins R. Cummings T. Ke Z. Liu D. Rincon X. Sun Y. Wang W. Wei and Y. Yuan. 2011. Influence maximization in social networks when negative opinions may emerge and propagate. SDM. SIAM 379--390.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972818.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1557019.1557047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2012-30483-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"RoT: Ransomware of Things. cdn2-prodint.esetstatic.com","author":"Cobb S.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.056105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v4i1.14027","article-title":"Sequential influence models in social networks","volume":"10","author":"Cosley D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ENIC.2015.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7868"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.CIIP1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2184319.2184338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2005.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2347736.2347755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.040601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"R. O. Duda P. E. Hart and D. G. Stork. 2012. Pattern Classification John Wiley 8 Sons Hoboken NJ.  R. O. Duda P. E. Hart and D. G. Stork. 2012. Pattern Classification John Wiley 8 Sons Hoboken NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Using social media to build community disaster resilience","volume":"27","author":"Dufty N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Emergency Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Easley and J. Kleinberg. 2010. Networks Crowds and Markets: Reasoning About a Highly Connected World Cambridge University Press New York NY.   D. Easley and J. Kleinberg. 2010. Networks Crowds and Markets: Reasoning About a Highly Connected World Cambridge University Press New York NY.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511761942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.66.035103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(96)00300-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.","author":"Brown P. E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Fire R. Goldschmidt and Y. Elovici. 2014. Online social networks: Threats and solutions. IEEE Communications Surveys 8 Tutorials 16 2019--2036.  M. Fire R. Goldschmidt and Y. Elovici. 2014. Online social networks: Threats and solutions. IEEE Communications Surveys 8 Tutorials 16 2019--2036.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2321628"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Francalanci and A. Hussain. 2015. A visual analysis of social influencers and influence in the tourism domain. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015. Springer New York NY.  C. Francalanci and A. Hussain. 2015. A visual analysis of social influencers and influence in the tourism domain. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015. Springer New York NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14343-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. C. Freeman. 1977. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry 35--41.  L. C. Freeman. 1977. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry 35--41.","DOI":"10.2307\/3033543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(78)90021-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1971122.1971127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2010.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2011.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/14\/8\/083030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518736"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Facebook: A case study of unbiased sampling of OSNs","author":"Gjoka M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2229012.2229058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.73.2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.110.028701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. S. Granovetter. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology 1360--1380.  M. S. Granovetter. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology 1360--1380.","DOI":"10.1086\/225469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307752101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2503792.2503797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37236\/1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144500371907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"G. Hogben. 2007. Security issues and recommendations for online social networks. ENISA Position Paper.  G. Hogben. 2007. Security issues and recommendations for online social networks. ENISA Position Paper."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2037556.2037583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Howison and A. Wiggins. 2011. Validity issues in the use of social network analysis with digital trace data Journal of the Association for Information Systems 12 767--797.  J. Howison and A. Wiggins. 2011. Validity issues in the use of social network analysis with digital trace data Journal of the Association for Information Systems 12 767--797.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208672"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.038702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34109-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International World Wide Web Conference. 22--26","author":"Java A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"25th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Jiang Q.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Analysis of social networking sites: A study on effective communication strategy in developing brand communication","volume":"3","author":"Jothi P. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Media and Communication Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2742472"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","unstructured":"E. Katz and P. F. Lazarsfeld. 1955. Personal Influence The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications. Transaction Publishers Piscataway NJ.  E. Katz and P. F. Lazarsfeld. 1955. Personal Influence The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications. Transaction Publishers Piscataway NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956750.956769"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2639563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASONAM.2009.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2013.6544831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11735106_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400842111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312486110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2007.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","volume-title":"IEEE 13th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM\u201913)","author":"Kwon S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v4i1.14021","article-title":"Information contagion: An empirical study of the spread of news on digg and Twitter social networks","volume":"10","author":"Lerman K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1232722.1232727"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1281192.1281239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Web Science Conference (WebSci10)","author":"Letierce J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-014-0366-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-015-1512-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Li T. Zhou L. L\u00fc and D. Chen. 2014. Identifying influential spreaders by weighted LeaderRank. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 404 47--55.  Q. Li T. Zhou L. L\u00fc and D. Chen. 2014. Identifying influential spreaders by weighted LeaderRank. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 404 47--55.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2014.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MINES.2011.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-G. Liu Z.-M. Ren and Q. Guo. 2013. Ranking the spreading influence in complex networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392 4154--4159.  J.-G. Liu Z.-M. Ren and Q. Guo. 2013. Ranking the spreading influence in complex networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392 4154--4159.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2013.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"28th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Liu N.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","first-page":"07354","article-title":"Improving the accuracy of the k-shell method by removing redundant links-from a perspective of spreading dynamics","volume":"1505","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint ArXiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Ma G. Chen L. Fu W. Wu X. Tian J. Zhao and X. Wang. 2017. Seeking powerful information initial spreaders in online social networks: A dense group perspective. Wireless Networks 1--19.  S. Ma G. Chen L. Fu W. Wu X. Tian J. Zhao and X. Wang. 2017. Seeking powerful information initial spreaders in online social networks: A dense group perspective. Wireless Networks 1--19.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-017-1478-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataService.2015.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1298306.1298311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30062"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2492517.2492604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.036104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2013\/12\/P12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Pei L. Muchnik S. Tang Z. Zheng and H. A. Makse. 2015. Exploring the complex pattern of information spreading in online blog communities.  S. Pei L. Muchnik S. Tang Z. Zheng and H. A. Makse. 2015. Exploring the complex pattern of information spreading in online blog communities.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Probst D.-K. L. Grosswiele and D.-K. R. Pfleger. 2013. Who will lead and who will follow: Identifying Influential users in online social networks. Business 8 Information Systems Engineering 5 179--193.  F. Probst D.-K. L. Grosswiele and D.-K. R. Pfleger. 2013. Who will lead and who will follow: Identifying Influential users in online social networks. Business 8 Information Systems Engineering 5 179--193.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-013-0263-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.93.062314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","unstructured":"J. Ratkiewicz M. Conover M. Meiss B. Gon\u00e7alves A. Flammini and F. Menczer. 2011. Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media. In ICWSM.  J. Ratkiewicz M. Conover M. Meiss B. Gon\u00e7alves A. Flammini and F. Menczer. 2011. Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media. In ICWSM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775047.775057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2016.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963250"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3225639.3225807"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772777"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551516644171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501025.2501033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1321440.1321588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242599"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148170.1148258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-012-0079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065725"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/953460.953514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001416590151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISS.2016.7460492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2337542.2337558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_167_1","volume-title":"A Twitter analog to PageRank. Retrieved","author":"Tunkelang D.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Network Models of the Diffusion of Innovations","author":"Valente T. W.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWBC.2014.062943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1835804.1835935"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_172_1","unstructured":"D. J. Watts J. Peretti and M. Frumin. 2007. Viral Marketing For The Real World. Harvard Business Publishing Brighton MA.  D. J. Watts J. Peretti and M. Frumin. 2007. Viral Marketing For The Real World. Harvard Business Publishing Brighton MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Wei J. Liu D. Wei C. Gao and Y. Deng. 2015. Weighted k-shell decomposition for complex networks based on potential edge weights. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 420 277--283.  B. Wei J. Liu D. Wei C. Gao and Y. Deng. 2015. Weighted k-shell decomposition for complex networks based on potential edge weights. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 420 277--283.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2014.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_174_1","volume-title":"The New Community Rules: Marketing on the Social Web","author":"Weinberg T."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.2297115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Wu B. A. Huberman L. A. Adamic and J. R. Tyler. 2004. Information flow in social groups. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 337 327--335.  F. Wu B. A. Huberman L. A. Adamic and J. R. Tyler. 2004. Information flow in social groups. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 337 327--335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2004.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-014-2256-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4304\/jnw.8.11.2649-2655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_181_1","volume-title":"Turank: Twitter user ranking based on user-tweet graph analysis. In Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE\u201910)","author":"Yamaguchi Y.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1966913.1966939"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-016-2335-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2015.7188533"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APWeb.2010.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2012.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom-PASSAT.2012.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2013.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-014-0260-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-002282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Zhao Q. Wang J. Cheng Y. Chen J. Wang and W. Huang. 2011. Rumor spreading model with consideration of forgetting mechanism: A case of online blogging LiveJournal. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 390 2619--2625.  L. Zhao Q. Wang J. Cheng Y. Chen J. Wang and W. Huang. 2011. Rumor spreading model with consideration of forgetting mechanism: A case of online blogging LiveJournal. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 390 2619--2625.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2011.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_195_1","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC\u201914)","author":"Zhu H."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Zhu. 2013. Discovering the influential users oriented to viral marketing based on online social networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392 3459--3469.  Z. Zhu. 2013. Discovering the influential users oriented to viral marketing based on online social networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392 3459--3469.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2013.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3818-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2007.1001"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3155897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3155897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:38:43Z","timestamp":1750221523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3155897"}},"subtitle":["Survey and Open Research Issues"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"references-count":197,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3155897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3155897","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}