{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T04:58:04Z","timestamp":1755838684792,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1122206 and 1122320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1122206 and 1122320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Soc. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Groups often face difficulty reaching consensus. For complex decisions with multiple criteria, verbal and written discourse alone may impede groups from pinpointing and moving past fundamental disagreements. To help support consensus building, we introduce ConsensUs, a novel visualization tool that highlights disagreement by asking group members to quantify their subjective opinions across multiple criteria. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a between-subjects experiment with 87 participants on a comparative hiring task. The study compared three modes of sensemaking on a group decision: written discourse only, visualization only, and written discourse plus visualization. We confirmed that the visualization helped participants identify disagreements within the group and then measured subsequent changes to their individual opinions. The results show that disagreement highlighting led participants to align their ratings more with the opinions of other group members. While disagreement highlighting led to better score alignment, participants reported a number of reasons for shifting their score, from genuine consensus to appeasement. We discuss further research angles to understand how disagreement highlighting affects social processes and whether it produces objectively better decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3159649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T20:10:25Z","timestamp":1522959025000},"page":"1-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["ConsensUs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Weichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob T.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824090009388781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824099709388654"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2007.4295642"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73400-0_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1556262.1556282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702426"},{"volume-title":"Madison, WI: The Center for Conflict Resolution.","year":"1981","author":"Avery Michel","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2001.2961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00072-6"},{"volume-title":"AMCIS 2005 Proceedings","year":"2005","author":"Briggs Robert O.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/989863.989885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00377-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/142750.142817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254556.2254572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309"},{"volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","author":"Conati Cristina","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.03.021"},{"volume-title":"The Delphi Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion","author":"Dalkey Norman Crolee","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1997.11518175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0602_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358916.359001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.06.056"},{"volume-title":"Algorithms, Theory, and Applications.","author":"Gal Tomas","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The real-time Delphi method","volume":"3","author":"Gordon Theodore J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Futures Research Methodology Version"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobias Greitemeyer and Stefan Schulz-Hardt. 2003. Preference-consistent evaluation of information in the hidden profile paradigm: Beyond group-level explanations for the dominance of shared information in group decisions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 2 (2003) 322.  Tobias Greitemeyer and Stefan Schulz-Hardt. 2003. Preference-consistent evaluation of information in the hidden profile paradigm: Beyond group-level explanations for the dominance of shared information in group decisions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 2 (2003) 322.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00631.x"},{"volume-title":"Nilssen","year":"2015","author":"Haskins William A.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(95)00107-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1996.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(00)00082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Irving L. Janis. 1972. Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes. (1972).  Irving L. Janis. 1972. Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes. (1972)."},{"volume-title":"A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly","year":"1997","author":"Jehn Karen A.","key":"e_1_2_1_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130050084914"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(96)00004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave\/ivs\/9500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(92)90047-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-012-9156-4"},{"volume-title":"Taxicab Geometry: An Adventure in Non-Euclidean Geometry","year":"2012","author":"Krause Eugene F.","key":"e_1_2_1_45_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1316624.1316648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208621"},{"volume-title":"Lam and John Schaubroeck","year":"2000","author":"Simon S.","key":"e_1_2_1_49_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420030402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.6.822"},{"volume-title":"Linstone and Murray Turoff (Eds.)","year":"1975","author":"Harold","key":"e_1_2_1_52_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Loomio.org. 2017. Homepage. Retrieved May 4 2017 from http:\/\/www.loomio.org.  Loomio.org. 2017. Homepage. Retrieved May 4 2017 from http:\/\/www.loomio.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzu083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.102.1.72"},{"volume-title":"Urbana: University of Illinois","year":"1990","author":"McGrath J. E.","key":"e_1_2_1_56_1"},{"volume-title":"Groups: Interaction and Performance.","year":"1984","author":"McGrath Joseph Edward","key":"e_1_2_1_57_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(85)90020-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.4.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23555"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Polleverywhere. 2017. Homepage. Retrieved May 4 2017 from http:\/\/www.polleverywhere.com\/.  Polleverywhere. 2017. Homepage. Retrieved May 4 2017 from http:\/\/www.polleverywhere.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOVIS.2005.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254556.2254688"},{"volume-title":"Human swarms, a real-time paradigm for collective intelligence. Collective Intelligence","year":"2015","author":"Rosenberg Louis B.","key":"e_1_2_1_67_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/832277.834354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1403&4_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20267-9_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Deliberating groups versus prediction markets (or Hayek\u2019s challenge to Habermas)","volume":"3","author":"Sunstein Cass R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Episteme"},{"volume-title":"The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement","author":"Susskind Lawrence E.","key":"e_1_2_1_74_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167209333176"},{"volume-title":"Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making","author":"Tversky Amos","key":"e_1_2_1_77_1"},{"volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2017","author":"UNU.","key":"e_1_2_1_78_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470216008416717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(92)90070-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909132.2909286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","unstructured":"Ludwig Wittgenstein. 2010. Philosophical Investigations. John Wiley 8 Sons.  Ludwig Wittgenstein. 2010. Philosophical Investigations. John Wiley 8 Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70515"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675272"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Social Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3159649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3159649","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3159649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:26:11Z","timestamp":1750213571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3159649"}},"subtitle":["Supporting Multi-Criteria Group Decisions by Visualizing Points of Disagreement"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3159649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3159649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2469-7818","2469-7826"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2469-7818"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2469-7826"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]}}}