{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:59:33Z","timestamp":1780505973503,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":52,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3159652.3159734","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T18:12:23Z","timestamp":1517940743000},"page":"324-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Leveraging the Crowd to Detect and Reduce the Spread of Fake News and Misinformation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Jooyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Tabibian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems & Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Sch\u00f6lkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gomez-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Aalen O. Borgan and H. K. Gjessing. 2008. Survival and event history analysis: a process point of view. Springer.  O. Aalen O. Borgan and H. K. Gjessing. 2008. Survival and event history analysis: a process point of view. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68560-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Dynamic programming and optimal control","author":"Bertsekas D. P.","unstructured":"D. P. Bertsekas . 1995. Dynamic programming and optimal control . Athena Scientific . D. P. Bertsekas. 1995. Dynamic programming and optimal control. Athena Scientific."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1052934.1052942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2014.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27576-0_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. L. Ciampaglia P. S. L. M. Rocha J. Bollen F. Menczer and A. Flammini. 2015. Computational Fact Checking from Knowledge Networks. PLOS ONE 10 6(06 2015) 1--13.  G. L. Ciampaglia P. S. L. M. Rocha J. Bollen F. Menczer and A. Flammini. 2015. Computational Fact Checking from Knowledge Networks. PLOS ONE 10 6(06 2015) 1--13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"A. De I. Valera N. Ganguly S. Bhattacharya and M. Gomez-Rodriguez. 2016. Learning and Forecasting Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks. In NIPS.   A. De I. Valera N. Ganguly S. Bhattacharya and M. Gomez-Rodriguez. 2016. Learning and Forecasting Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks. In NIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2732951.2732962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2777598.2777603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"M. Farajtabar N. Du M. Gomez-Rodriguez I. Valera H. Zha and L. Song. 2014. Shaping social activity by incentivizing users. In NIPS.   M. Farajtabar N. Du M. Gomez-Rodriguez I. Valera H. Zha and L. Song. 2014. Shaping social activity by incentivizing users. In NIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Friggeri L. Adamic D. Eckles and J. Cheng. 2014. Rumor Cascades. In ICWSM.  A. Friggeri L. Adamic D. Eckles and J. Cheng. 2014. Rumor Cascades. In ICWSM.","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Tweetcred: Real-time credibility assessment of content on twitter. In SocInfo.","author":"Gupta A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Gupta , P. Kumaraguru , C. Castillo , and P. Meier . 2014 . Tweetcred: Real-time credibility assessment of content on twitter. In SocInfo. A. Gupta, P. Kumaraguru, C. Castillo, and P. Meier. 2014. Tweetcred: Real-time credibility assessment of content on twitter. In SocInfo."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Gy\u00f6ngyi H. Garcia-Molina and J. Pedersen. 2004. Combating web spam with trustrank. In VLDB.   Z. Gy\u00f6ngyi H. Garcia-Molina and J. Pedersen. 2004. Combating web spam with trustrank. In VLDB.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088469-8.50052-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Applied stochastic processes and control for Jump-diffusions: modeling, analysis, and computation","author":"Hanson F. B.","unstructured":"F. B. Hanson . 2007. Applied stochastic processes and control for Jump-diffusions: modeling, analysis, and computation . Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics . F. B. Hanson. 2007. Applied stochastic processes and control for Jump-diffusions: modeling, analysis, and computation. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2723372.2723731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Poisson processes","author":"Kingman J. F. C.","unstructured":"J. F. C. Kingman . 1993. Poisson processes . Wiley Online Library . J. F. C. Kingman. 1993. Poisson processes. Wiley Online Library."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800260304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Liu L. Jiang J. Liu X. Wang J. Zhu and S. Liu. 2017. Improving Learningfrom-Crowds through Expert Validation. In IJCAI.   M. Liu L. Jiang J. Liu X. Wang J. Zhu and S. Liu. 2017. Improving Learningfrom-Crowds through Expert Validation. In IJCAI.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Liu X. L. Dong B. C. Ooi and D. Srivastava. 2011. Online data fusion. In VLDB.  X. Liu X. L. Dong B. C. Ooi and D. Srivastava. 2011. Online data fusion. In VLDB.","DOI":"10.14778\/3402707.3402731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2806416.2806651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Lukasik P. K. Srijith D. Vu K. Bontcheva A. Zubiaga and T. Cohn. 2016. Hawkes processes for continuous time sequence classification: an application to rumour stance classification in twitter. In ACL.  M. Lukasik P. K. Srijith D. Vu K. Bontcheva A. Zubiaga and T. Cohn. 2016. Hawkes processes for continuous time sequence classification: an application to rumour stance classification in twitter. In ACL.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-2064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"C. Lumezanu N. Feamster and H. Klein. 2012. # bias: Measuring the tweeting behavior of propagandists. In ICWSM.  C. Lumezanu N. Feamster and H. Klein. 2012. # bias: Measuring the tweeting behavior of propagandists. In ICWSM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"J. Ma W. Gao P. Mitra S. Kwon B. Jansen K. Wong and M. Cha. 2016. Detecting Rumors from Microblogs with Recurrent Neural Networks. In IJCAI.   J. Ma W. Gao P. Mitra S. Kwon B. Jansen K. Wong and M. Cha. 2016. Detecting Rumors from Microblogs with Recurrent Neural Networks. In IJCAI."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1964858.1964869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85230-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"V. Qazvinian E. Rosengren D. R. Radev and Q. Mei. 2011. Rumor has it: Identifying misinformation in microblogs. In EMNLP.   V. Qazvinian E. Rosengren D. R. Radev and Q. Mei. 2011. Rumor has it: Identifying misinformation in microblogs. In EMNLP."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132847.3132877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"M. Tanushree G. Wright and E. Gilbert. 2017. Parsimonious language model of social media credibility across disparate events. In CSCW.  M. Tanushree G. Wright and E. Gilbert. 2017. Parsimonious language model of social media credibility across disparate events. In CSCW."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Volkova K. Shaffer J. Y. Jang and N. Hodas. 2017. Separating facts from fiction: Linguistic models to classify suspicious and trusted news posts on twitter. In ACL.  S. Volkova K. Shaffer J. Y. Jang and N. Hodas. 2017. Separating facts from fiction: Linguistic models to classify suspicious and trusted news posts on twitter. In ACL.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-2102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"G. Wang M. Mohanlal C. Wilson X. Wang M. Metzger H. Zheng and B. Zhao. 2012. Social Turing Tests: Crowdsourcing Sybil Detection. In arXiv.  G. Wang M. Mohanlal C. Wilson X. Wang M. Metzger H. Zheng and B. Zhao. 2012. Social Turing Tests: Crowdsourcing Sybil Detection. In arXiv."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Wang D. Wang L. Su L. Kaplan and T. F. Abdelzaher. 2014. Towards cyberphysical systems in social spaces: The data reliability challenge. In RTSS.  S. Wang D. Wang L. Su L. Kaplan and T. F. Abdelzaher. 2014. Towards cyberphysical systems in social spaces: The data reliability challenge. In RTSS.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2014.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Y. Wang W. Grady E. Theodorou and L. Song. 2017. Variational Policy for Guiding Point Processes. In ICML.  Y. Wang W. Grady E. Theodorou and L. Song. 2017. Variational Policy for Guiding Point Processes. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Y. Wang G. Williams E. Theodorou and L. Song. 2017. Variational Policy for Guiding Point Processes. In ICML.  Y. Wang G. Williams E. Theodorou and L. Song. 2017. Variational Policy for Guiding Point Processes. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Wei and X. Wan. 2017. Learning to Identify Ambiguous and Misleading News Headlines. In IJCAI.   W. Wei and X. Wan. 2017. Learning to Identify Ambiguous and Misleading News Headlines. In IJCAI.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"M. Wu and A. Marian. 2007. Corroborating Answers from Multiple Web Sources.. In WebDB.  M. Wu and A. Marian. 2007. Corroborating Answers from Multiple Web Sources.. In WebDB."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963405.1963439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Cheshire: An Online Algorithm for Activity Maximization in Social Networks. In Allerton Conference.","author":"Zarezade A.","unstructured":"A. Zarezade , A. De , H. Rabiee , and M. Gomez-Rodriguez . 2017 . Cheshire: An Online Algorithm for Activity Maximization in Social Networks. In Allerton Conference. A. Zarezade, A. De, H. Rabiee, and M. Gomez-Rodriguez. 2017. Cheshire: An Online Algorithm for Activity Maximization in Social Networks. In Allerton Conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"B. Zhao and J. Han. 2012. A probabilistic model for estimating real-valued truth from conflicting sources. In QDB.  B. Zhao and J. Han. 2012. A probabilistic model for estimating real-valued truth from conflicting sources. In QDB."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2168651.2168656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1416950.1416953"}],"event":{"name":"WSDM 2018: The Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","location":"Marina Del Rey CA USA","acronym":"WSDM 2018","sponsor":["SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data","SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGKDD ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data","SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3159652.3159734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3159652.3159734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:26:12Z","timestamp":1750213572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3159652.3159734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3159652.3159734","10.1145\/3159652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3159652.3159734","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}