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Past work suggests that displaying a replica VE based on the real surrounding environment leads to more accurate judgments of distance, but that work has lacked the necessary control conditions to firmly make this conclusion. Other research indicates that walking through a VE with visual feedback improves judgments of distance and size. This study evaluated and compared those two methods for improving perceived distance in VEs. All participants experienced a replica VE based on the real lab. In one condition, participants visually previewed the real lab prior to experiencing the replica VE, and in another condition they did not. Participants performed blind-walking judgments of distance and also judgments of size in the replica VE before and after walking interaction. Distance judgments were more accurate in the preview compared to no preview condition, but size judgments were unaffected by visual preview. Distance judgments and size judgments increased after walking interaction, and the improvement was larger for distance than for size judgments. After walking interaction, distance judgments did not differ based on visual preview, and walking interaction led to a larger improvement in judged distance than did visual preview. These data suggest that walking interaction may be more effective than visual preview as a method for improving perceived space in a VE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3165285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T19:00:36Z","timestamp":1520449236000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Comparison of Two Methods for Improving Distance Perception in Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}]},{"given":"Lucia A.","family":"Cherep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Klesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}]},{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00162-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. E. Buck M. K. Young and B. Bodenheimer. 2018. A comparison of distance estimation in HMD-based virtual environments with different HMD-based conditions. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. Forthcoming.  L. E. Buck M. K. Young and B. Bodenheimer. 2018. A comparison of distance estimation in HMD-based virtual environments with different HMD-based conditions. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. Forthcoming.","DOI":"10.1145\/3196885"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. H. Creem-Regehr J. K. Stefanucci and W. B. Thompson. 2015a. Perceiving absolute scale in virtual environments: How theory and application have mutually informed the role of body-based perception. In The Psychology of Learning and Motivation B. Ross (Ed.). Academic Press Waltham MA 195--224.  S. H. Creem-Regehr J. K. Stefanucci and W. B. Thompson. 2015a. Perceiving absolute scale in virtual environments: How theory and application have mutually informed the role of body-based perception. In The Psychology of Learning and Motivation B. Ross (Ed.). 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Estimating distance in real and virtual environments: Does order make a difference?Attention Perception and Psychophysics 71 1095--1106.","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.71.5.1096"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3165285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3165285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:26:54Z","timestamp":1750213614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3165285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3165285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3165285","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-3965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}