{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:35:32Z","timestamp":1786509332972,"version":"3.56.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170396","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T14:05:51Z","timestamp":1521468351000},"page":"436-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The complexities of developing a personal code of ethics for learning analytics practitioners"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teachers College Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah P.","family":"Macfadyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Prinsloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Africa, Unisa, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Sclater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jisc, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089443939201000402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. 2016. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (2016). http:\/\/www.apa.org\/ethics\/code\/  American Psychological Association. 2016. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (2016). http:\/\/www.apa.org\/ethics\/code\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Professional ethics in information systems: a personal perspective","volume":"3","author":"Davison Robert M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robert M. Davison . 2000 . Professional ethics in information systems: a personal perspective . Communications of the AIS 3 , 2 (April 2000), 4. Robert M. Davison. 2000. Professional ethics in information systems: a personal perspective. Communications of the AIS 3, 2 (April 2000), 4.","journal-title":"Communications of the AIS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2883851.2883893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Professional Ethics and Civic Morals","author":"Durkheim Emile","unstructured":"Emile Durkheim . 2013. Professional Ethics and Civic Morals . Routledge. Google-Books-ID : V3GXsXYCkBwC. Emile Durkheim. 2013. Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. Routledge. Google-Books-ID: V3GXsXYCkBwC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Hand-in-Hand: Ethics and Predictive Analytics. (March","author":"Ekowo Manuela","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manuela Ekowo and Iria Palmer . 2017. Hand-in-Hand: Ethics and Predictive Analytics. (March 2017 ). https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/education-policy\/edcentral\/hand-hand-ethics-and-predictive-analytics\/ Manuela Ekowo and Iria Palmer. 2017. Hand-in-Hand: Ethics and Predictive Analytics. (March 2017). https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/education-policy\/edcentral\/hand-hand-ethics-and-predictive-analytics\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China","author":"Elman Benjamin A.","unstructured":"Benjamin A. Elman . 2000. A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China . University of California Press. Google-Books-ID : qkslDQAAQBAJ. Benjamin A. Elman. 2000. A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China. University of California Press. Google-Books-ID: qkslDQAAQBAJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2014.13.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Association for Computing Machinery. 1992. ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. (1992). http:\/\/www.acm.org\/about-acm\/acm-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct  Association for Computing Machinery. 1992. ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. (1992). http:\/\/www.acm.org\/about-acm\/acm-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019685998601000204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Computer Ethics","author":"Johnson David","unstructured":"David Johnson . 2008. Computer Ethics . In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information, Luciano Floridi (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 65--75. Google-Books-ID: a37OrM9IUagC. David Johnson. 2008. Computer Ethics. In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information, Luciano Floridi (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 65--75. Google-Books-ID: a37OrM9IUagC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Learning Analytics and the Academic Library: Professional Ethics Commitments at a Crossroads. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2955779. Social Science Research Network","author":"Jones Kyle M.","unstructured":"Kyle M. L. Jones and Dorothea Salo . 2017. Learning Analytics and the Academic Library: Professional Ethics Commitments at a Crossroads. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2955779. Social Science Research Network , Rochester, NY . https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2955779 Kyle M. L.Jones and Dorothea Salo. 2017. Learning Analytics and the Academic Library: Professional Ethics Commitments at a Crossroads. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2955779. Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2955779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"A Search for core values: Towards a model code of ethics for information professionals","volume":"9","author":"Koehler Wallace C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wallace C. Koehler and Michael J. Pemberton . 2000 . A Search for core values: Towards a model code of ethics for information professionals . Journal of Information Ethics 9 , 1 (2000), 26 -- 54 ,96. http:\/\/ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu\/login?url=https:\/\/search-proquest-com.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu\/docview\/1850386884?accountid=10226 Wallace C. Koehler and Michael J. Pemberton. 2000. A Search for core values: Towards a model code of ethics for information professionals. Journal of Information Ethics 9, 1 (2000), 26--54,96. http:\/\/ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu\/login?url=https:\/\/search-proquest-com.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu\/docview\/1850386884?accountid=10226","journal-title":"Journal of Information Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/1944-0472.9.2.1514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Embracing big data in complex educational systems: The learning analytics imperative and the policy challenge. Research & Practice in Assessment","author":"Macfadyen Leah P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leah P. Macfadyen , Shane Dawson , Abelardo Pardo , and Dragan Gasevic . 2014. Embracing big data in complex educational systems: The learning analytics imperative and the policy challenge. Research & Practice in Assessment ; Lynchburg 9 ( 2014 ). https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1625100861\/abstract\/E066ED874E994228PQ\/1 Leah P. Macfadyen, Shane Dawson, Abelardo Pardo, and Dragan Gasevic. 2014. Embracing big data in complex educational systems: The learning analytics imperative and the policy challenge. Research & Practice in Assessment; Lynchburg 9 (2014). https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1625100861\/abstract\/E066ED874E994228PQ\/1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7531.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Resource Allocation in Higher Education","author":"Massy William F.","unstructured":"William F. Massy . 1996. Resource Allocation in Higher Education . University of Michigan Press. Google-Books-ID : AbA4RHshR8QC. William F. Massy. 1996. Resource Allocation in Higher Education. University of Michigan Press. Google-Books-ID: AbA4RHshR8QC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Standards of practice handbook: The code of ethics and the standards of professional conduct, with commentary and interpretation","author":"Federation of Financial Analysts. 1988.","unstructured":"Federation of Financial Analysts. 1988. Standards of practice handbook: The code of ethics and the standards of professional conduct, with commentary and interpretation ( 4 th edition ed.). FFA, Charlottesville, Va .; New York, NY. Federation of Financial Analysts. 1988. Standards of practice handbook: The code of ethics and the standards of professional conduct, with commentary and interpretation (4th edition ed.). FFA, Charlottesville, Va.; New York, NY.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"a `school official?' This regulatory quirk can leave parents in the dark. Washington Post (Dec","author":"Peterson Andrea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrea Peterson . 2015. Google , a `school official?' This regulatory quirk can leave parents in the dark. Washington Post (Dec . 2015 ). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-switch\/wp\/2015\/12\/30\/google-a-school-official-this-regulatory-quirk-can-leave-parents-in-the-dark\/ Andrea Peterson. 2015. Google, a `school official?' This regulatory quirk can leave parents in the dark. Washington Post (Dec. 2015). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-switch\/wp\/2015\/12\/30\/google-a-school-official-this-regulatory-quirk-can-leave-parents-in-the-dark\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Moral Responsibility in Professional Ethics","volume":"55","author":"Postema Gerald J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gerald J. Postema . 1980 . Moral Responsibility in Professional Ethics . New York University Law Review 55 (1980), 63 -- 91 . Gerald J. Postema. 1980. Moral Responsibility in Professional Ethics. New York University Law Review 55 (1980), 63--91.","journal-title":"New York University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"LAK17 Workshop on Building the Learning Analytisc Curriculum","volume":"1915","author":"Prinsloo Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul Prinsloo and Sharon Slade . 2017 . Building the Learning Analytics Curriculum: Should we Teach (a Code of) Ethics? . In LAK17 Workshop on Building the Learning Analytisc Curriculum , Vol. 1915 . SOLAR, Vancouver, BC. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol- 1915\/ Paul Prinsloo and Sharon Slade. 2017. Building the Learning Analytics Curriculum: Should we Teach (a Code of) Ethics?. In LAK17 Workshop on Building the Learning Analytisc Curriculum, Vol. 1915. SOLAR, Vancouver, BC. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-1915\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The Handbook of Learning Analytics (1 ed.), Charles Lang, George Siemens, Alyssa Friend Wise, and Dragan Ga\u00c5\u0105evic (Eds.)","author":"Prinsloo Paul","unstructured":"Paul Prinsloo and Sharon Slade . 2017. Ethics and Learning Analytics: Charting the (Un)Charted . In The Handbook of Learning Analytics (1 ed.), Charles Lang, George Siemens, Alyssa Friend Wise, and Dragan Ga\u00c5\u0105evic (Eds.) . Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR) , Alberta, Canada , 49--57. http:\/\/solaresearch.org\/hla-17\/hla17-chapter1 Paul Prinsloo and Sharon Slade. 2017. Ethics and Learning Analytics: Charting the (Un)Charted. In The Handbook of Learning Analytics (1 ed.), Charles Lang, George Siemens, Alyssa Friend Wise, and Dragan Ga\u00c5\u0105evic (Eds.). Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR), Alberta, Canada, 49--57. http:\/\/solaresearch.org\/hla-17\/hla17-chapter1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213479366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Reclaiming ''The Right to Be Let Alone': Seeking Transparency & Uniformity in the Unchartered Territory of Student Data Mining. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2772619. Social Science Research Network","author":"Stulpin Alexandra Anne","unstructured":"Alexandra Anne Stulpin . 2015. Reclaiming ''The Right to Be Let Alone': Seeking Transparency & Uniformity in the Unchartered Territory of Student Data Mining. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2772619. Social Science Research Network , Rochester, NY . https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2772619 Alexandra Anne Stulpin. 2015. Reclaiming ''The Right to Be Let Alone': Seeking Transparency & Uniformity in the Unchartered Territory of Student Data Mining. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2772619. Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2772619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the Age of Analytics. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 11","author":"Tene Omer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Omer Tene and Jules Polonetsky . 2012. Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the Age of Analytics. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 11 ( 2012 ), {xxvii}--274. Omer Tene and Jules Polonetsky. 2012. Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the Age of Analytics. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 11 (2012), {xxvii}--274."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"The Open University. 2014. Ethical use of Student Data for Learning Analytics Policy FAQs. (2014). https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/students\/charter\/sites\/www.open.ac.uk.students.charter\/files\/files\/ecms\/web-content\/ethical-student- data-faq.pdf  The Open University. 2014. Ethical use of Student Data for Learning Analytics Policy FAQs. (2014). https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/students\/charter\/sites\/www.open.ac.uk.students.charter\/files\/files\/ecms\/web-content\/ethical-student- data-faq.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Les sources & l'\u00c3l'volution des essais de Montaigne: L'\u00c3l'volution des essais. Hachette","author":"Villey Pierre","unstructured":"Pierre Villey . 1908. Les sources & l'\u00c3l'volution des essais de Montaigne: L'\u00c3l'volution des essais. Hachette . Google-Books-ID : htNcAAAAMAAJ. Pierre Villey. 1908. Les sources & l'\u00c3l'volution des essais de Montaigne: L'\u00c3l'volution des essais. Hachette. Google-Books-ID: htNcAAAAMAAJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/profethics199323\/49"}],"event":{"name":"LAK '18: International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","location":"Sydney New South Wales Australia","acronym":"LAK '18"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3170358.3170396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3170358.3170396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:43:56Z","timestamp":1750207436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3170358.3170396"}},"subtitle":["implications for institutions and the field"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3170358.3170396","10.1145\/3170358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3170358.3170396","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}