{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:29:24Z","timestamp":1792787364179,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":71,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["200021_162886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200021_162886"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yjd3n13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1748380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1748380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173856","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T11:43:11Z","timestamp":1524224591000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["The Index of Pupillary Activity"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Duchowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Krejtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWPS University of Social Sciences &amp; Humanities &amp; Ulm University, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Krejtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWPS University of Social Sciences &amp; Humanities, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Biele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Technologies Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Niedzielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Technologies Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Raubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Giannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology &amp; ETH Z\u00fcrich, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Pupillary Responses During Information Processing Vary with Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores. Science 205, 4412","author":"Ahern Sylvia","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sylvia Ahern and Jackson Beatty. 1979. Pupillary Responses During Information Processing Vary with Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores. Science 205, 4412 (1979), 1289--1292."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.7.5.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314683.1314689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.2.276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Psychophysiology","author":"Beatty Jackson","unstructured":"Jackson Beatty and Brennis Lucero-Wagoner. 2000. The Pupillary System. In Handbook of Psychophysiology (2nd ed.), John T. Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, and Gary G. Bernston (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, 142--162.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Deborah A. Boehm-Davis Wayne D. Gray Leonard Adelman Sandra Marshall and Robert Pozos. 2003. Understanding and Measuring Cognitive Workload: A Coordinated Multidisciplinary Approach. Technical Report AFRL-SR-AR-TR-03-0407 (ADA417743); Grant #49620--97--1-0353. AFOSR Arlington VA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2306916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370024.2014.892428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Andrew T. Duchowski. 1997. Gaze-Contingent Visual Communication. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University College Station TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00084-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(03)44005-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Eye Movements of Aircraft Pilots During Instrument-Landing Approaches","volume":"9","author":"Fitts Paul M.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Paul M. Fitts, Richard E. Jones, and John L. Milton. 1950. Eye Movements of Aircraft Pilots During Instrument-Landing Approaches. Aeronautical Engineering Review 9, 2 (1950), 24--29.","journal-title":"Aeronautical Engineering Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1996.tb01071.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/99.388960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e577632012-009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0588-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.143.3611.1190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749508401407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6339\/JDS.201204_10(2).0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Karn","author":"Jacob Robert J. K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robert J. K. Jacob and Keith S. Karn. 2003. Eye Tracking in Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Research: Ready to Deliver the Promises. In The Mind's Eye: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research, Jukka Hy\u00f6n\u00e4, Ralph Radach, and Heiner Deubel (Eds.). Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 573--605."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90015-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.4.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Attention and effort","author":"Kahneman Daniel","unstructured":"Daniel Kahneman. 1973. Attention and effort. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.154.3756.1583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45738-3_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1344471.1344489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2896452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2509315.2509331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"LimeSurvey: An Open Source survey tool. LimeSurvey Project","author":"Project LimeSurvey","unstructured":"LimeSurvey Project Team \/ Carsten Schmitz. 2015. LimeSurvey: An Open Source survey tool. LimeSurvey Project, Hamburg, Germany. http:\/\/www.limesurvey.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Consequences of Assumption Violations Revisited: A Quantitative Review of Alternatives to the One-Way Analysis of Variance F Test","volume":"66","author":"Lix Lisa M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lisa M. Lix, Joanne C. Keselman, and H. J. Keselman. 1996. Consequences of Assumption Violations Revisited: A Quantitative Review of Alternatives to the One-Way Analysis of Variance F Test. Review of Educational Research 66, 4 (1996), 579--619.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.119727"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","first-page":"090","article-title":"Method and Apparatus for Eye Tracking Monitoring Pupil Dilation to Evaluate Cognitive Activity","author":"Marshall Sandra P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sandra P. Marshall. 2000. Method and Apparatus for Eye Tracking Monitoring Pupil Dilation to Evaluate Cognitive Activity. US Patent No. 6,090,051. (18 July 2000).","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HFPP.2002.1042860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Seciton II (May","author":"Marshall Sandra P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sandra P. Marshall. 2007. Identifying Cognitive State from Eye Metrics. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 78, 5, Seciton II (May 2007), B165--B175(11). Supplement 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.6.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Bernstein","author":"Nunnally Jum C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jum C. Nunnally and Ira H. Bernstein. 1994. Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Vsevolod Peysakhovich. 2016. Study of pupil diameter and eye movements to enhance flight safety. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Toulouse France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team R Development Core","year":"2011","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/ ISBN 3--900051-07-0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2931002.2931009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Behavior in Design (HBiD). The Design Society","author":"Rakoczi Gergely","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gergely Rakoczi, Andrew Duchowski, and Margit Pohl. 2014. Designing Online Tests for a Virtual Learning Environment: Evaluation of Visual Behaviour at Different Task Types. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Behavior in Design (HBiD). The Design Society, Ascona, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Maximilian Schwalm. 2009. Pupillometrie als Methode zur Erfassung mentaler Beanspruchungen in automotiven Kontext. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes Saarbr\u00fccken Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Information Systems Development: Towards a","author":"Shi Yu","unstructured":"Yu Shi, Eric Choi, Ronnie Taib, and Fang Chen. 2009. Designing Cognition-Adaptive Human Computer Interface for Mission-Critical Systems. In Information Systems Development: Towards a Service Provision Society, George Angelos Papadopoulos, Wita Wojtkowski, Gregory Wojtkowski, Stanslaw Wrycza, and Joze Zupancic (Eds.). Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, New York, NY, 111--119."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"EyeLink User Manual","author":"Research Ltd SR","unstructured":"SR Research Ltd. 2008. EyeLink User Manual. SR Research Ltd., 5516 Main St., Osgoode, ON, Canada K0A 2W0. Version 1.4.0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Pupil Unrest: An Example of Noise in a Biological Servomechanism. Nature 182, 4639","author":"Stark Lawrence","year":"1958","unstructured":"Lawrence Stark, Fergus W. Campbell, and John Atwood. 1958. Pupil Unrest: An Example of Noise in a Biological Servomechanism. Nature 182, 4639 (1958), 857--858."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1976.tb01546.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive science 12, 2","author":"Sweller John","year":"1988","unstructured":"John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive science 12, 2 (1988), 257--285."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Frens","author":"van der Geest Jos N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jos N. van der Geest and Maarten A. Frens. 2002. Recording eye movements with video-oculography and scleral search coils: a direct comparison of two methods. 114, 2 (2002), 185--195."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Boris M. Velichkovsky Markus Joos Jens R. Helmert and Sebastian Pannasch. 2005. Two Visual Systems and their Eye Movements: Evidence from Static and Dynamic Scene Perception. In CogSci 2005: Proceedings of the XXVII Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. 2283--2288."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"Brani Vidakovi\u00b4 c and Peter M\u00fcller. 1991. Wavelets for kids: A tutorial introduction. Technical Report. Duke University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0755-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2010.493149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858388"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Montreal QC Canada","acronym":"CHI '18","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3173574.3173856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3173574.3173856","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3173574.3173856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:42:59Z","timestamp":1790001779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3173574.3173856"}},"subtitle":["Measuring Cognitive Load\n                    <i>vis-\u00e0-vis<\/i>\n                    Task Difficulty with Pupil Oscillation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3173574.3173856","10.1145\/3173574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173856","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}