{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:31:13Z","timestamp":1773930673280,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3s","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hosting interactive video-based services, such as computer games, in the Cloud poses particular challenges given user sensitivity to delay. A better understanding of the impact of delay on player-game interactions can help design cloud systems and games that accommodate delays inherent in cloud systems. Previous top-down studies of delay using full-featured games have helped understand the impact of delay, but often do not generalize or lend themselves to analytic modeling. Bottom-up studies isolating user input and delay can better generalize and be used in models, but have yet to be applied to cloud-hosted computer games. In order to better understand delay impact in cloud-hosted computer games, we conduct a large bottom-up user study centered on a fundamental game interaction\u2014selecting a moving target with user input impeded by delay. Our work builds a custom game that controls both the target speed and input delay and has players select the target using a game controller analog thumbstick. Analysis of data from over 50 users shows target selection time exponentially increases with delay and target speed and is well-fit by an exponential model that includes a delay and target speed interaction term. A comparison with two previous studies, both using a mouse instead of a thumbstick, suggests the model\u2019s relationship between selection time, delay, and target speed holds more broadly, providing a foundation for a potential law explaining moving target selection with delay encountered in cloud-hosted games.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3187288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T16:37:19Z","timestamp":1530203839000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Game Input with Delay\u2014Moving Target Selection with a Game Controller Thumbstick"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Claypool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39265-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICON.2003.1266180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1016540.1016556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Game Developers Conference. {Online} http:\/\/www.gdconf.com\/archives\/2001\/bernier.doc.","author":"Bernier Yahn W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Kyle J. Brady. 2015. Taking Fitts Slow: The Effects of Delayed Visual Feedback on Human Motor Performance and User Experience. Master\u2019s thesis. Arizona State University.  Kyle J. Brady. 2015. Taking Fitts Slow: The Effects of Delayed Visual Feedback on Human Motor Performance and User Experience. Master\u2019s thesis. Arizona State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Infocom.","author":"Chen K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2013.2291532"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1648534.1648776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1167838.1167860"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968120.2987743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51811-4_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2755535.2755538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736084.2736093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1103599.1103623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2042118.2042134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139108967307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139208967796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1973.10734962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"On the validity of using first-person shooters for Fitts\u2019 law studies","author":"Looser Julian","year":"2005","journal-title":"People and Computers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/142750.142794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/164632.164979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Extending Fitts\u2019 law to a three-dimensional pointing task","volume":"20","author":"Murata Atsuo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Elsevier Human Movement Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1005847.1005879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/507670.507674"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th HCI International Conference.","author":"Raaen K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2713168.2713188"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2013.6574660"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130110115354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Candian Information Processing Society\u2019s Graphics Interface Conference.","author":"Ware Colin","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/29933.275627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"A. T. Welford. 1968. Fundamentals of Skill. Methuen London U.K.  A. T. Welford. 1968. Fundamentals of Skill. Methuen London U.K."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3187288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3187288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:07:32Z","timestamp":1750273652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3187288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3s","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3187288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3187288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-6857","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6865","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}