{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:12:11Z","timestamp":1784203931949,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)."},{"name":"University of Twente, Wageningen University 8 Research, ASTRON Dwingeloo, and Leiden University."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fundamental challenges faced by real-time animal activity recognition include variation in motion data due to changing sensor orientations, numerous features, and energy and processing constraints of animal tags. This paper aims at finding small optimal feature sets that are lightweight and robust to the sensor's orientation. Our approach comprises four main steps. First, 3D feature vectors are selected since they are theoretically independent of orientation. Second, the least interesting features are suppressed to speed up computation and increase robustness against overfitting. Third, the features are further selected through an embedded method, which selects features through simultaneous feature selection and classification. Finally, feature sets are optimized through 10-fold cross-validation. We collected real-world data through multiple sensors around the neck of five goats. The results show that activities can be accurately recognized using only accelerometer data and a few lightweight features. Additionally, we show that the performance is robust to sensor orientation and position. A simple Naive Bayes classifier using only a single feature achieved an accuracy of 94 % with our empirical dataset. Moreover, our optimal feature set yielded an average of 94 % accuracy when applied with six other classifiers. This work supports embedded, real-time, energy-efficient, and robust activity recognition for animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3191747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T12:06:45Z","timestamp":1522152405000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Robust Sensor-Orientation-Independent Feature Selection for Animal Activity Recognition on Collar Tags"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jacob W.","family":"Kamminga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc V.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Pieter","family":"Meijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Bisby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirvana","family":"Meratnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.M.","family":"Havinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2011.2160540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Accelerometer signal processing for user activity detection. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems Lecture No","author":"Baek Jonghun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jonghun Baek, GeehyukLee, Wonbae Park, and Bj Yun. 2004. Accelerometer signal processing for user activity detection. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems Lecture No (2004), 610--617."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Sensor Based Anti-Poaching System in Tanzania","volume":"4","author":"Banzi Jamali Firmat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jamali Firmat Banzi. 2014. A Sensor Based Anti-Poaching System in Tanzania. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 4, 4 (2014), 1--7.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Intille","author":"Bao Ling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ling Bao and Stephen S. Intille. 2004. Activity Recognition from User-Annotated Acceleration Data. In Pervasive Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1--17."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088609"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I2MTC.2014.6860952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jochen Fahrenberg Friedrich Foerster Manfred Smeja and Wolfgang M\u00fcller. 1997. Assessment of posture and motion by multichannel piezoresistive accelerometer recordings. (1997).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb01747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-010-0293-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIP.2012.6232914"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Motion pattern and posture: correctly assessed by calibrated accelerometers. Behavior research methods, instruments, 8 computers: a journal of the Psychonomic Society","volume":"32","author":"Foerster F","year":"2000","unstructured":"F Foerster and J Fahrenberg. 2000. Motion pattern and posture: correctly assessed by calibrated accelerometers. Behavior research methods, instruments, 8 computers: a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc 32, 3 (2000), 450--457.","journal-title":"Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2014.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1107548.1107591"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(00)00052-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Goat Orientation Data. online. (05","author":"Kamminga Jacob","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacob Kamminga. 2017. Goat Orientation Data. online. (05 2017). http:\/\/ps.ewi.utwente.nl\/Datasets.php"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2005.856864"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Supervised Machine Learning: A Review of Classification Techniques. Informatica","volume":"3176","author":"Kotsiantis S B","year":"2007","unstructured":"S B Kotsiantis. 2007. Supervised Machine Learning: A Review of Classification Techniques. Informatica, An International Journal of Computing and Informatics 3176, 31 (2007), 249--268.","journal-title":"An International Journal of Computing and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493519"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11748625_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30767-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA). 1--6.","author":"Marais Jacques","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacques Marais, Solomon Petrus, Le Roux, Riaan Wolhuter, and Thomas Niesler. 2014. Automatic classification of sheep behaviour using 3-axis accelerometer data. In Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA). 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Accelerometry: providing an integrated, practical method for long-term, ambulatory monitoring of human movement. Physiological measurement 25, 2","author":"Mathie B G","year":"2004","unstructured":"B G Mathie, M. J., Coster, A. C., Lovell, N. H., 8 Celler. 2004. Accelerometry: providing an integrated, practical method for long-term, ambulatory monitoring of human movement. Physiological measurement 25, 2 (2004), R1."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"version 8.6.0 (R2015b)","author":"MATLAB.","unstructured":"MATLAB. 2015. version 8.6.0 (R2015b). The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2167762.2167767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1150402.1150531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808918105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.058602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2005.856863"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Their Origins 8 Applications","author":"Petersen Julie K","unstructured":"Julie K Petersen. 2002. Understanding Technologies Surveillance Spy Devices, Their Origins 8 Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1402731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2006190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nishkam Ravi Nikhil Dandekar Preetham Mysore and Ml Michael L Littman. 2005. Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data. In Aaai. 1541--1546.","DOI":"10.5555\/1620092.1620107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1689239.1689243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s7123084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Jeff Schneider. 1997. Cross Validation. online. (1997). https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~schneide\/tut5\/node42.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150102059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2012.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Md Sumon Shahriar, and Andrew Hellicar","author":"Smith Daniel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daniel Smith, Bryce Little, Paul I. Greenwood, Philip Valencia, Ashfaqur Rahman, Aaron Ingham, Greg Bishop-Hurley, Md Sumon Shahriar, and Andrew Hellicar. 2015. A study of sensor derived features in cattle behaviour classification models. In 2015 IEEE SENSORS -Proceedings. IEEE, Busan, South Korea, 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2016.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"8th International Conference on Sensing Technology. 2--4.","author":"Sneddon J","year":"2014","unstructured":"J Sneddon and A Mason. 2014. Automated Monitoring of Foraging Behaviour in Free Ranging Sheep Grazing a Bio-diverse Pasture using Audio and Video Information. In 8th International Conference on Sensing Technology. 2--4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Inertia Technology. 2017. ProMove mini. online. (2017). http:\/\/inertia-technology.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-015-0045-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Motion Sensors Explainer. online. (08","author":"C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"W3C. 2017. Motion Sensors Explainer. online. (08 2017). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/motion-sensors\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBBT.2010.5479000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.22.3121","article-title":"Precise monitoring of porpoising behaviour of Ad\u00e9lie penguins determined using acceleration data loggers","volume":"22","author":"Yoda K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"K. Yoda, Katsufumi Sato, Y. Niizuma, M. Kurita, Charles-Andr\u00e9 Bost, Yvon Le Maho, and Y. Naito. 1999. Precise monitoring of porpoising behaviour of Ad\u00e9lie penguins determined using acceleration data loggers. The Journal of experimental biology 202, Pt 22 (1999), 3121--3126.","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental biology 202, Pt"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2318776.2318798"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3191747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3191747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:26:42Z","timestamp":1750213602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3191747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3191747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3191747","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}