{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T20:05:27Z","timestamp":1772049927674,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, New York, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation (DFG)"},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3196839.3196857","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T12:00:49Z","timestamp":1525176049000},"page":"113-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gender influences on school students' mental models of computer science"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Brauner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ziefle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ulrik","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thiemo","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Bergner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","reference":[{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-1","unstructured":"Allensbach. 2015. Sehbewusstsein der Deutschen [Visual Awareness of Germans] (accessed 2017-09-07). (2015). http:\/\/www.zva.de\/brillenstudie"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-2","unstructured":"Rebecca Apel, Tobias Berg, Jan Holz, Philipp Brauner, Ulrik Schroeder, and Carmen Leicht-Scholten. 2011. Preliminary Findings of a Gender and Diversity Screening at a Technical University: Impressions of the Project \"IGaD-tools4MINT\". InProceedings 192 Informatik 2011 - Informatik schafft Communities 04.--07. Oktober 2011, Hans-Ulrich Hei&#223;, Peter Pepper, Holger Schlingloff, and J&#246;rg Schneider (Eds.). K&#246;llen, Gesellschaft f&#252;r Informatik, 369."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katrin Arning and Martina Ziefle. 2007. Understanding Age Differences in PDA Acceptance and Performance.Computers in Human Behavior23, 6 (2007), 2904--2927.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.06.005"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert Bandura. 1977. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.Psychological Review84, 2 (1977), 191--215.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-5","unstructured":"Guido Beier. 1999. Kontroll&#252;berzeugungen im Umgang mit Technik [Locus of control when interacting with technology].Report Psychologie24, 9 (1999), 684--693."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadine Bergner, Jan Tobias Holz, and Ulrik Schroeder. 2012. InfoSphere: An Extracurricular Learning Environment for Computer Science. InProceedings of the 7th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, Maria Knobelsdorf and Ralf Romeike (Eds.). ACM, New York, USA, 26--33.","DOI":"10.1145\/2481449.2481457"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-7","unstructured":"Alison Borthwick. 2011. Children's perceptions of, and attitudes towards, their mathematics lessons.British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics31, March (2011), 37--42."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-8","unstructured":"Philipp Brauner, Thiemo Leonhardt, Martina Ziefle, and Ulrik Schroeder. 2010. The Effect of Tangible Artifacts, Gender and Subjective Technical Competence on Teaching Programming to Seventh Graders. InProceedings of the 4th International Conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools (ISSEP 2010), Juraj Hromkovic, R. Kr&#225;lovi&#232;, and J. Vahrenhold (Eds.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Zurich, Switzerland, 61--71."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Brauner, Ralf Philipsen, Andr&#233; Calero Valdez, and Martina Ziefle. 2018.The Interaction of Causal Attribution of Performance and Compliance with Decision Support Systems in Cyber-Physical Production Systems - An Empirical Study Using a Business Simulation Game.Springer International Publishing, Cham, 11--23.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60486-2_2"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tor Busch. 1995. Gender Differences in Self-Efficacy and Attitudes Toward Computers.Journal of Educational Computing Research12 (1995), 147--158.","DOI":"10.2190\/H7E1-XMM7-GU9B-3HWR"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathleen Buse, Diana Bilimoria, and Sheri Perelli. 2013. Why They Stay: Women Persisting in US Engineering Careers.Career Development International18, 2 (2013), 139--154. arXiv:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1108\/BIJ-10-2012-0068","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-10-2012-0068"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert N. Charette. 2013. The STEM Crisis is a Myth.IEEE Spectrum50, 9 (2013), 44--59.","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2013.6587189"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-13","unstructured":"Kenneth J. W. Craik. 1943.The Nature of Explanation.Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearl Denham. 1993. Nine- to fourteen-year-old children's conception of computers using drawings.Behaviour &#38; Information Technology12, 6 (1993), 346--358.","DOI":"10.1080\/01449299308924399"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wendy M. DuBow, Beth A. Quinn, Gloria Childress Townsend, Rosario Robinson, and Valerie Barr. 2016. Efforts to Make Computer Science More Inclusive of Women.ACM Inroads7, 4 (2016), 74--80.","DOI":"10.1145\/2998500"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-16","unstructured":"Andy Field. 2009.Discovering Statistics Using SPSS(3. ed.). Sage Publications."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kevin D. Finson. 2002. Drawing a Scientist: What We Do and Do Not Know After Fifty Years of Drawings.School Science and Mathematics102, 7 (2002), 335--345.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1949-8594.2002.tb18217.x"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allan Fisher and Jane Margolis. 2002. Unlocking the Clubhouse: The Carnegie Mellon Experience.SIGCSE Bulletin34, 2 (2002), 79--83.","DOI":"10.1145\/543812.543836"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allan Fisher and Jane Margolis. 2003.Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing.MIT Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/611892.611896"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-20","unstructured":"JayW. Forrester. 1971. Counterintuitive Behavior of Social Systems.Technology Review73, 1 (1971), 52--68."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-21","unstructured":"Maarten Goos, Ian Hathaway, Jozef Konings, and Marieke Vandeweyer. 2013.High-Technology Employment in the European Union.Technical Report. http:\/\/www.econ.kuleuven.be\/VIVES\/vivesenglish\/"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-22","unstructured":"Sandra Graham and Valerie S. Folkes. 1990.Attribution Theory: Applications to Achievement, Mental Health, and Interpersonal Conflict.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denise G&#252;rer. 1995. Pioneering women in computer science.Commun. ACM38, 1 (1995), 45--54.","DOI":"10.1145\/204865.204875"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-24","unstructured":"Natalie a. Jones, Helen Ross, Timothy Lynam, Pascal Perez, and Anne Leitch. 2011. Mental Model an Interdisciplinary Synthesis of Theory and Methods.Ecology and Society16, 1 (2011), 46--46. https:\/\/doi.org\/46"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-25","unstructured":"Maria Klawe, Telle Whitney, and Caroline Simard. 2009. Women in computing---take 2.Commun. ACM52, 2 (feb 2009), 68."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-26","unstructured":"Bente Knoll and Brigitte Ratzer. 2010.Gender Studies in den Ingenieurwissenschaften [Gender studies in engineering sciences].facultas.wuv Universit&#228;tsverlag, Wien."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-27","unstructured":"Andreas Krapp. 2006.P&#228;dagogische Psychologie: Ein Lehrbuch(5 ed.). Beltz, Weinheim [u.a.]."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Lent and Steven Brown. 1996. Social Cognitive Approach to Career Development: An Overview.Career Development Quarterly44 (1996), 310--321.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-0045.1996.tb00448.x"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Lent, Steven Brown, and Gail Hackett. 1994. Toward a Unifying Social Cognitive Theory of Career and Academic Interest, Choice, and Performance.Journal of Vocational Behavior45 (1994), 79--122.","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1994.1027"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-30","unstructured":"Thiemo Leonhardt. 2015.Establishing a talent-fostering learning environment for girls in computer science.Dissertation. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen. https:\/\/publications.rwth-aachen.de\/record\/462971"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-31","unstructured":"Thiemo Leonhardt, Philipp Brauner, Jochen Siebert, and Ulrik Schroeder. 2011. &#220;bertragbarkeit singul&#228;rer MINT-Interesse-initiierender au&#223;erschulischer Ma&#223;nahmen. Inin INFOS 2011, 14. GI-Fachtagung Informatik und Schule, September 2011, Marco Thomas (Ed.). Gesellschaft f&#252;r Informatik, Bonn, 127--136."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison Master, Sapna Cheryan, Adriana Moscatelli, and Andrew N. Meltzoff. 2017. Programming Experience Promotes Higher STEM Motivation Among First-grade Girls.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology160 (2017), 92--106.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2017.03.013"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margaret Mead and Rhoda Metraux. 1957. Image of the Scientist Among High School Students: A Pilot Study.Science126, 126 (1957), 386--387.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.126.3270.384"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David I. Miller, Kyle M. Nolla, Alice H. Eagly, and David H. Uttal. 2018. The Development of Children's Gender Stereotypes: A Meta-Analysis of Five Decades of U.S. Draw-A-Scientist Studies.Child Development(2018), (in press).","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13039"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams Nager and Robert D. Atkinson. 2016.The Case for Improving U.S. Computer Science Education.Technical Report. Information Technology &#38; Innovation Foundation (ITIF).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3066335"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-36","unstructured":"National Center for Women &#38; Information Technology (NCWIT). 2017. What We Know: Diversity in Computing is Lacking (accessed 2017-09-07). (2017). http:\/\/www.ncwit.org\/resources\/ncwit-development-one-pager"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adelka Niels, Sascha R. Guczka, and Monique Janneck. 2016. The Impact of Causal Attributions on System Evaluation in Usability Tests. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.ACM, 3115--3125.","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858471"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-38","unstructured":"OECD. 2017. Education at a Glance 2017. (2017)."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-39","unstructured":"OECD. 2017. OECD.stat (database) - Graduates by field of education and gender (accessed 2017-09-07). (2017). http:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=RGRADSTY"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linda J. Sax, Kathleen J. Lehman, Jerry A. Jacobs, M. Allison Kanny, Gloria Lim, Laura Monje-Paulson, and Hilary B. Zimmerman. 2017. Anatomy of an Enduring Gender Gap: The Evolution of Women's Participation in Computer Science.The Journal of Higher Education88, 2 (2017), 258--293. arXiv:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00221546.2016.1257306","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2016.1257306"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-41","unstructured":"Heidi Schelhowe. 1999. Interaktivit&#228;t der Technologie als Herausforderung an Bildung. Zur Gender-Frage in der Informationsgesellschaft [Interactivity of Technology as a Challenge for Education - Gender in the Information Society]. (1999)."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1973. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability.Cognitive Psychology5, 2 (1973), 207--232.","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90033-9"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-43","unstructured":"Sarah Theres V&#246;lkel, Wiktoria Wilkowska, and Martina Ziefle. 2018. Understanding Gender-Specific Motivation and Expectations toward Computer Science. InProceedings of the 2018 Gender &#38; IT Conference.ACM, New York, NY, USA, (in press)."},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Wang. 2013. Why Students Choose STEM Majors: Motivation, High School Learning, and Postsecondary Context of Support.American Educational Research Journal50, 5 (2013), 1081--1121.","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831213488622"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard Weiner. 1985. An Attributional Theory of Achievement Motivation and Emotion.Psychological Review92, 4 (1985), 548--573. arXiv:arXiv:1011.1669v3","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295X.92.4.548"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peta Wyeth and Helen C Purchase. 2003. Using Developmental Theories to Inform the Design of Technology for Children. InIDC '03: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Interaction Design and Children.ACM, New York, NY, USA, 93--100.","DOI":"10.1145\/953536.953550"},{"key":"key-10.1145\/3196839.3196857-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martina Ziefle and Eva-Maria Jakobs. 2009.Wege zur Technikfaszination - Sozialisationsverl&#228;ufe und Interventionszeitpunkte.Acatech, Springer, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04983-5"}],"event":{"name":"the 4th Conference","location":"Heilbronn, Germany","acronym":"GenderIT '18","number":"4","start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]}},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Gender &amp; IT - GenderIT '18"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3196839.3196857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3196857&ftid=1961867&dwn=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:39:29Z","timestamp":1750210769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?doid=3196839.3196857"}},"subtitle":["a quantitative rich picture analysis with sixth graders"],"proceedings-subject":"Gender & IT","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3196839.3196857","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}