{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:56:16Z","timestamp":1771707376679,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SVV-2017-260452, 1172416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SVV-2017-260452, 1172416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16-18964S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-18964S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Direct illumination calculation is an important component of any physically-based Tenderer with a substantial impact on the overall performance. We present a novel adaptive solution for unbiased Monte Carlo direct illumination sampling, based on online learning of the light selection probability distributions. Our main contribution is a formulation of the learning process as Bayesian regression, based on a new, specifically designed statistical model of direct illumination. The net result is a set of regularization strategies to prevent over-fitting and ensure robustness even in early stages of calculation, when the observed information is sparse. The regression model captures spatial variation of illumination, which enables aggregating statistics over relatively large scene regions and, in turn, ensures a fast learning rate. We make the method scalable by adopting a light clustering strategy from the Lightcuts method, and further reduce variance through the use of control variates. As a main design feature, the resulting algorithm is virtually free of any preprocessing, which enables its use for interactive progressive rendering, while the online learning still enables super-linear convergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T15:56:23Z","timestamp":1533052583000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Bayesian online regression for adaptive direct illumination sampling"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Petr","family":"V\u00e9voda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles University"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Kondapaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles University, Prague"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"K\u0159iv\u00e1nek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","author":"Bishop Christopher M."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12584"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-008-9059-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/106186004X12803"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2011.00756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ps:2007028"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering","author":"Fernandez Sebastian","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Solid Angle Sampling of Disk and Cylinder","volume":"35","author":"Gamito Manuel N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lights. Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311551"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/584458.584476"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9430-0_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Compugraphics '95","author":"Jensen Henrik Wann","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Whitlock","author":"Kalos Malvin H.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Willems","author":"Lafortune Eric P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (EGSR'07)","author":"Lai Yu-Chi","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/120874989"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2440215"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Practical Path Guiding for Efficient Light-Transport Simulation. Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 36","author":"M\u00fcller Thomas","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10473909"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Notes on optimal approximations for importance sampling. 2, 5","author":"Pantaleoni Jacopo","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RT.2008.4634630"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"From Theory to Implementation","author":"Pharr Matt","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Bayesian Monte Carlo. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 1","author":"Rasmussen Carl Edward","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980179.2982443"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/226150.226151"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Robust Monte Carlo Methods for Light Transport Simulation. Dissertation at the Department of Computer Science of Stanford University","author":"Veach Eric","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601203"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Interactive Global Illumination in Complex and Highly Occluded Environments. Eurograhics Symposium on Rendering","author":"Wald Ingo","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141997"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073318"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57963-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.21"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3197517.3201340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3197517.3201340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:39:44Z","timestamp":1750210784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3197517.3201340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3197517.3201340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3197517.3201340","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}