{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:50:08Z","timestamp":1750308608770,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a simplified abstraction of an industrial laboratory consisting of a two-stage network, Research (R) and Development (D). Ideas and prototypes are incubated in the R stage, the projects departing this stage are assessed, and, if favorable, the project proceeds to the D stage. Revenue is generated from the sale of products\/solutions that are outputs of the D stage, and the sale and licensing of patents that are generated at both stages. In our discrete time model, in each time period the managers of the industrial laboratory are given a constant amount of money to invest in the two stages. The investments determine the capacities of the stages based on linear unit costs. A novel feature of the model is \"knowledge stocks\" for the stages, which represent the accumulated know-how from practicing research and development activities; higher knowledge stock implies lower cost. The memory in knowledge stocks makes current investment decisions have long term impact on costs and profits. Three strategies for profit maximization are investigated. In myopic profit maximization we show the existence of multiple equilibria and the phenomenon of state entrapment in suboptimal regimes, which are absent in the other strategies. Numerical results illustrate the main features of the model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3199524.3199561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T15:17:48Z","timestamp":1521731868000},"page":"210-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management Strategies for Industrial Laboratories with Knowledge Memory"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Debasis","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Working Paper 20902","author":"Arora A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. 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The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation . Penguin Press , 2012 . J. Gertner. The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation. Penguin Press, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Working Paper 18315","author":"Gordon R. J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. J. Gordon . Is U.S. Economic Growth Over: Faltering Innovation and the Six Headwinds . In Working Paper 18315 . National Bureau of Economic Research , August 2012 . R. J. Gordon. Is U.S. Economic Growth Over: Faltering Innovation and the Six Headwinds. In Working Paper 18315. National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3003321"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s","volume":"76","author":"Griliches Z.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Z. Griliches . Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s . American Economic Review , 76 ( 1 ): 141 - 154 , 1986 . Z. Griliches. Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s. American Economic Review, 76(1):141-154, 1986.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference","author":"Mitra D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Mitra and Q. Wang . Modeling and Optimizing Intellectual Asset Production in Industrial Laboratories. In S. Cetinskaya and J. K. Ryan, editors , Proceedings of Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference , 2015 . D. Mitra and Q. Wang. Modeling and Optimizing Intellectual Asset Production in Industrial Laboratories. In S. Cetinskaya and J. K. Ryan, editors, Proceedings of Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"A Simple Dynamical Model of an Industrial Laboratory Incorporating Knowledge Stock","author":"Mitra D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Mitra and Q. Wang . A Simple Dynamical Model of an Industrial Laboratory Incorporating Knowledge Stock . 2017 . URL : https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=2902941. D. Mitra and Q. Wang. A Simple Dynamical Model of an Industrial Laboratory Incorporating Knowledge Stock. 2017. URL: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=2902941."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"NSF. Business Research and Development and Innovation 2013. URL: https: \/\/www.nsf.gov\/statistics\/2016\/nsf16313\/\\#chp2.  NSF. Business Research and Development and Innovation 2013. URL: https: \/\/www.nsf.gov\/statistics\/2016\/nsf16313\/\\#chp2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"New York Times.","author":"Porter E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"E. Porter . American science lies on weak foundations . In New York Times. May 19, 2015 . URL: http: \/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/20\/business\/economy\/ american-innovation-rests-on-weak-foundation. html?_r=0. E. Porter. American science lies on weak foundations. In New York Times. May 19, 2015. URL: http: \/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/20\/business\/economy\/ american-innovation-rests-on-weak-foundation. html?_r=0."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2005.1460349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Advanced Macroeconomics","author":"Romer D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. Romer . Advanced Macroeconomics . McGraw-Hill Irwin , 4 th edition, 2012 . D. Romer. Advanced Macroeconomics. 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Centre for Economic Policy, March 22, 2016."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3199524.3199561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3199524.3199561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:07:17Z","timestamp":1750273637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3199524.3199561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3199524.3199561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3199524.3199561","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}