{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:39:09Z","timestamp":1761863949432,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the use of word embeddings for query translation to improve precision in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Word vectors represent words in a distributional space such that syntactically or semantically similar words are close to each other in this space. Multilingual word embeddings are constructed in such a way that similar words across languages have similar vector representations. We explore the effective use of bilingual and multilingual word embeddings learned from comparable corpora of Indic languages to the task of CLIR.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We propose a clustering method based on the multilingual word vectors to group similar words across languages. For this we construct a graph with words from multiple languages as nodes and with edges connecting words with similar vectors. We use the Louvain method for community detection to find communities in this graph. We show that choosing target language words as query translations from the clusters or communities containing the query terms helps in improving CLIR. We also find that better-quality query translations are obtained when words from more languages are used to do the clustering even when the additional languages are neither the source nor the target languages. This is probably because having more similar words across multiple languages helps define well-defined dense subclusters that help us obtain precise query translations.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this article, we demonstrate the use of multilingual word embeddings and word clusters for CLIR involving Indic languages. We also make available a tool for obtaining related words and the visualizations of the multilingual word vectors for English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, and Tamil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3208358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T13:17:16Z","timestamp":1545052636000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Using Communities of Words Derived from Multilingual Word Vectors for Cross-Language Information Retrieval in Indian Languages"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Paheli","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawan","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudeshna","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Smith","year":"2016","author":"Ammar Waleed","key":"e_1_2_2_1_1"},{"volume-title":"Advances in Information Retrieval: Recent Research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval","author":"Ballesteros Lisa","key":"e_1_2_2_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/648309.754278"},{"volume-title":"Towards cross-lingual distributed representations without parallel text trained with adversarial autoencoders. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1608.02996","year":"2016","author":"Miceli Barone Antonio Valerio","key":"e_1_2_2_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing. 152--162","year":"2016","author":"Bhattacharya Paheli","key":"e_1_2_2_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Phil Blunsom and Karl Moritz Hermann. 2014. 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