{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T11:08:19Z","timestamp":1772363299990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Fundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1451668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1451668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We report on a crowdsourced study that investigated how two factors influence the way people formulate information requests. Our first factor,\n            <jats:italic>medium<\/jats:italic>\n            , considers whether the request is produced using text or voice. Our second factor,\n            <jats:italic>target<\/jats:italic>\n            , considers whether the request is intended for a search engine or a human intermediary (i.e., someone who will search on the user\u2019s behalf). In particular, we study how these two factors influence the way people formulate requests in situations where the information need has a specific type of\n            <jats:italic>extra-topical<\/jats:italic>\n            dimension (i.e., a type of constraint that is independent from the information need\u2019s topic). We focus on six extra-topical dimensions: (1) domain knowledge, (2) viewpoint, (3) experiential, (4) venue location, (5) source location, and (6) temporal. The extra-topical dimension was manipulated by giving participants carefully constructed search tasks. We analyzed a large number of information requests produced by study participants, and address three research questions. We study the effects of our two factors (medium and target) on (RQ1) participants\u2019 perceptions about their own information requests, (RQ2) the different characteristics of their information requests (e.g., natural language structure, retrieval performance), and (RQ3) participants\u2019 strategies for requesting information when the search task has a specific type of extra-topical dimension. Our results found that both factors influenced participants\u2019 perceptions about their own information requests, the characteristics of participants\u2019 requests, and the strategies adopted by participants to request information matching the extra-topical dimension. Our results have implications for future research on methods that can harness (rather than ignore) extra-topical query terms to retrieve relevant information.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3209624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T15:38:47Z","timestamp":1531409927000},"page":"1-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors Influencing Users\u2019 Information Requests"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Arguello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogeum","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Capra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaime Arguello Sandeep Avula and Fernando Diaz. 2016. 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Pazos R. Juan J. Gonz\u00e1lez B. Marco A. Aguirre L. Jos\u00e9 A. Mart\u00ednez F. and H\u00e9ctor J. Fraire H. 2013. Natural Language Interfaces to Databases: An Analysis of the State of the Art. Springer Berlin 463--480.  Rodolfo A. Pazos R. Juan J. Gonz\u00e1lez B. Marco A. Aguirre L. Jos\u00e9 A. Mart\u00ednez F. and H\u00e9ctor J. Fraire H. 2013. Natural Language Interfaces to Databases: An Analysis of the State of the Art. Springer Berlin 463--480.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33021-6_36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Relevance: A review of the literature and a framework for thinking on the notion in information science. 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