{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:50:08Z","timestamp":1772661008816,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3209811.3209863","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T12:12:39Z","timestamp":1529496759000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Qualitative Exploration of Mobile Money in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Ibtasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use. (LNCS","author":"Baguma Rehema","unstructured":"Rehema Baguma . {n. d.}. Mobile Money Services in Uganda: Design Gaps and Recommendations | SpringerLink . In Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use. (LNCS , volume 8006), Vol. 8006 . Berlin , Heidelberg . Rehema Baguma. {n. d.}. Mobile Money Services in Uganda: Design Gaps and Recommendations | SpringerLink. In Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use. (LNCS, volume 8006), Vol. 8006. Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Bank of Ghana. 2008. GUIDELINES FOR BRANCHLESS BANKING - NOTICE TO BANKS AND SAVINGS AND LOANS COMPANIES. (2008).  Bank of Ghana. 2008. GUIDELINES FOR BRANCHLESS BANKING - NOTICE TO BANKS AND SAVINGS AND LOANS COMPANIES. (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Laizer","author":"Nyamtiga Baraka W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baraka W. Nyamtiga , Anael Sam , and Loserian S . Laizer . 2013 . Security Perspectives For USSD Versus SMS In Conducting Mobile Transactions: A Case Study Of Tanzania . (2013). https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/9408\/b82cc059e5f10b6aca19b66cf224aee4adee.pdf?_ga=2.26719482.639468458.1519970956-319140991.1517613430 Baraka W. Nyamtiga, Anael Sam, and Loserian S. Laizer. 2013. Security Perspectives For USSD Versus SMS In Conducting Mobile Transactions: A Case Study Of Tanzania. (2013). https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/9408\/b82cc059e5f10b6aca19b66cf224aee4adee.pdf?_ga=2.26719482.639468458.1519970956-319140991.1517613430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Economics of mobile money and financial inclusion: Bank of Ghana at the forefront of regulations. (April","author":"Boakye-Yiadom Nana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nana Boakye-Yiadom . 2016. Economics of mobile money and financial inclusion: Bank of Ghana at the forefront of regulations. (April 2016 ). http:\/\/citifmonline.com\/2016\/04\/13\/economics-mobile-money-financial-inclusion-bank-ghana-forefront-regulations\/ Nana Boakye-Yiadom. 2016. Economics of mobile money and financial inclusion: Bank of Ghana at the forefront of regulations. (April 2016). http:\/\/citifmonline.com\/2016\/04\/13\/economics-mobile-money-financial-inclusion-bank-ghana-forefront-regulations\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Security Symposium. Washington, D.C. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/node\/190885","author":"Reaves Bradley","unstructured":"Bradley Reaves , Nolen Scaife , Adam Bates , Patrick Traynor , and Kevin R.B. Butler . {n. d.}. Mo(bile) Money, Mo(bile) Problems: Analysis of Branchless Banking Applications in the Developing World . In Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Security Symposium. Washington, D.C. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/node\/190885 Bradley Reaves, Nolen Scaife, Adam Bates, Patrick Traynor, and Kevin R.B. Butler. {n. d.}. Mo(bile) Money, Mo(bile) Problems: Analysis of Branchless Banking Applications in the Developing World. In Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Security Symposium. Washington, D.C. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/node\/190885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3001913.3001919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Center for Financial Inclusion. 2016. Our Definition of Financial Inclusion. (2016). http:\/\/www.centerforfinancialinclusion.org\/about\/who-we-are\/our-definition-of-financial-inclusion  Center for Financial Inclusion. 2016. Our Definition of Financial Inclusion. (2016). http:\/\/www.centerforfinancialinclusion.org\/about\/who-we-are\/our-definition-of-financial-inclusion"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency. 2018. The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gh.html  Central Intelligence Agency. 2018. The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gh.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Alapan Arnab, and Andrew Hutchison.","author":"Chikomo Kelvin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kelvin Chikomo , Ming Ki Chong , Alapan Arnab, and Andrew Hutchison. 2006 . Security of Mobile Banking . https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228954693_Security_of_mobile_banking Kelvin Chikomo, Ming Ki Chong, Alapan Arnab, and Andrew Hutchison. 2006. Security of Mobile Banking. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228954693_Security_of_mobile_banking"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"We're Over-Researched Here!","volume":"42","author":"Clark Tom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tom Clark . 2008 . ' We're Over-Researched Here! ': Exploring Accounts of Research Fatigue within Qualitative Research Engagements. Sociology 42 , 5 (Oct. 2008), 953--970. Tom Clark. 2008. 'We're Over-Researched Here!': Exploring Accounts of Research Fatigue within Qualitative Research Engagements. Sociology 42, 5 (Oct. 2008), 953--970.","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Network and System Security (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","author":"Cobourne Sheila","unstructured":"Sheila Cobourne , Keith Mayes , and Konstantinos Markantonakis . 2013. Using the Smart Card Web Server in Secure Branchless Banking . In Network and System Security (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) . Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg , 250--263. Sheila Cobourne, Keith Mayes, and Konstantinos Markantonakis. 2013. Using the Smart Card Web Server in Secure Branchless Banking. In Network and System Security (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 250--263."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Consultative Group for Assistance of Poor (CGAP). 2016. Mobile Money Momentum in Four African Countries - Financial Inclusion Insights. (2016). http:\/\/www.cgap.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/multimedia\/cgap\/index.html  Consultative Group for Assistance of Poor (CGAP). 2016. Mobile Money Momentum in Four African Countries - Financial Inclusion Insights. (2016). http:\/\/www.cgap.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/multimedia\/cgap\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Live Ghana population","author":"Meters Country","year":"2018","unstructured":"Country Meters . 2018. Live Ghana population ( 2018 ). Current population of Ghana - Countrymeters . (2018). http:\/\/countrymeters.info\/en\/Ghana Country Meters. 2018. Live Ghana population (2018). Current population of Ghana - Countrymeters. (2018). http:\/\/countrymeters.info\/en\/Ghana"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2666216.2666218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2737856.2738029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/765891.766014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753846.1754080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Intermedia. 2017. Home \u00b7 Financial Inclusion Insights by Intermedia. (2017). http:\/\/finclusion.org\/  Intermedia. 2017. Home \u00b7 Financial Inclusion Insights by Intermedia. (2017). http:\/\/finclusion.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517899.2517910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Scaling mobile money","volume":"5","author":"Mas Ignacio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ignacio Mas and Dan Radcliffe . 2011 . Scaling mobile money . Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems 5 , 3 (Sept. 2011), 298--315. Ignacio Mas and Dan Radcliffe. 2011. Scaling mobile money. Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems 5, 3 (Sept. 2011), 298--315.","journal-title":"Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02767-3_54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Examining trust in mobile banking transactions: The case of M-PESA in Kenya","author":"Morawczynski Olga","unstructured":"Olga Morawczynski and Gianluca Miscione . 2008. Examining trust in mobile banking transactions: The case of M-PESA in Kenya . In Social Dimensions Of Information And Communication Technology Policy (IFIP International Federation for Information Processing). Springer , Boston, MA, 287--298. Olga Morawczynski and Gianluca Miscione. 2008. Examining trust in mobile banking transactions: The case of M-PESA in Kenya. In Social Dimensions Of Information And Communication Technology Policy (IFIP International Federation for Information Processing). Springer, Boston, MA, 287--298."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/nca.org.gh\/industry-data-2\/licenses-and-authorisations\/","author":"National Communications Authority, Ghana. 2018. Licenses and Authorisations &Gt; National Communications Authority.","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Communications Authority, Ghana. 2018. Licenses and Authorisations &Gt; National Communications Authority. ( 2018 ). https:\/\/nca.org.gh\/industry-data-2\/licenses-and-authorisations\/ National Communications Authority, Ghana. 2018. Licenses and Authorisations &Gt; National Communications Authority. (2018). https:\/\/nca.org.gh\/industry-data-2\/licenses-and-authorisations\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Baraka W. Nyamtiga Anael Sam and Loserian S. Laizer. {n. d.}. Enhanced Security Model For Mobile Banking Systems In Tanzania.  Baraka W. Nyamtiga Anael Sam and Loserian S. Laizer. {n. d.}. Enhanced Security Model For Mobile Banking Systems In Tanzania."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Towards End-to-End Security in Branchless Banking. Microsoft Research (May","author":"Panjwani Saurabh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saurabh Panjwani . 2011. Towards End-to-End Security in Branchless Banking. Microsoft Research (May 2011 ). https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/towards-end-to-end-security-in-branchless-banking\/ Saurabh Panjwani. 2011. Towards End-to-End Security in Branchless Banking. Microsoft Research (May 2011). https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/towards-end-to-end-security-in-branchless-banking\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Managing Microfinance with Paper, Pen, and Digital Slate","volume":"8","author":"Ratan Aishwarya Lakshmi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan , Sunandan Chakraborty , Pushkar V. Chitnis , Kentaro Toyama , Keng Siang Ooi , Matthew Phiong , and Michael Koenig . 2012 . Managing Microfinance with Paper, Pen, and Digital Slate . Information Technologies & International Development 8 , 2 (June 2012), pp. 67--83. http:\/\/itidjournal.org\/index.php\/itid\/article\/view\/898 Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan, Sunandan Chakraborty, Pushkar V. Chitnis, Kentaro Toyama, Keng Siang Ooi, Matthew Phiong, and Michael Koenig. 2012. Managing Microfinance with Paper, Pen, and Digital Slate. Information Technologies & International Development 8, 2 (June 2012), pp. 67--83. http:\/\/itidjournal.org\/index.php\/itid\/article\/view\/898","journal-title":"Information Technologies & International Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"The Research Ethics Guidebook. 2018. Over-researched groups. (2018). http:\/\/www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk\/Over-researched-groups-86  The Research Ethics Guidebook. 2018. Over-researched groups. (2018). http:\/\/www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk\/Over-researched-groups-86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database | Data. (April","author":"Bank The World","year":"2015","unstructured":"The World Bank . 2015. Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database | Data. (April 2015 ). http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/financial_inclusion The World Bank. 2015. Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database | Data. (April 2015). http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/financial_inclusion"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"2nd International Conference on Mobile Communication Technology for Development, Kampala, Uganda.","author":"Tobbin Peter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peter Tobbin . 2010 . Modeling adoption of mobile money transfer: A consumer behaviour analysis . In 2nd International Conference on Mobile Communication Technology for Development, Kampala, Uganda. Peter Tobbin. 2010. Modeling adoption of mobile money transfer: A consumer behaviour analysis. In 2nd International Conference on Mobile Communication Technology for Development, Kampala, Uganda."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"World Population Review. 2018. Ghana Population 2018 (Demographics Maps Graphs). (2018). http:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/ghana-population\/  World Population Review. 2018. Ghana Population 2018 (Demographics Maps Graphs). (2018). http:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/ghana-population\/"}],"event":{"name":"COMPASS '18: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies","location":"Menlo Park and San Jose CA USA","acronym":"COMPASS '18","sponsor":["SIGCAS ACM Special Interest Group on Computers and Society"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3209811.3209863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3209811.3209863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:13:09Z","timestamp":1750212789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3209811.3209863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3209811.3209863","10.1145\/3209811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3209811.3209863","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}