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Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies normally formulate named entity recognition (NER) as a sequence labeling task and optimize the solution in the sentence level. In this article, we propose a document-level optimization approach to NER and apply it in a domain-specific document-level NER task. As a baseline, we apply a state-of-the-art approach, i.e., long-short-term memory (LSTM), to perform word classification. On this basis, we define a global objective function with the obtained word classification results and achieve global optimization via Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Specifically, in the ILP-based approach, we propose four kinds of constraints, i.e., label transition, entity length, label consistency, and domain-specific regulation constraints, to incorporate various entity recognition knowledge in the document level. 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Improving named entity recognition for chinese social media with word segmentation representation learning. 2016 Arxiv preprint arxiv:1603.00786.  Nanyun Peng and Mark Dredze. 2016. Improving named entity recognition for chinese social media with word segmentation representation learning. 2016 Arxiv preprint arxiv:1603.00786.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-2612"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","DOI":"10.3115\/1118693.1118694"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1572392.1572432"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP\u201909)","year":"2009","author":"Wang Yefeng","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL\u201911)","year":"2011","author":"Liu Xiaohua","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-2056"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1620754.1620795"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGNLL Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL\u201910)","year":"2010","author":"Burkett David","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL\u201913)","year":"2013","author":"Che Wangxiang","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","DOI":"10.3115\/1119176.1119202"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078186"},{"unstructured":"Zhiheng Huang Wei Xu and Kai Yu. 2015. 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