{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1778301542734,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intel"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1645759, CNS-1149611 and CMMI-1653550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1645759, CNS-1149611 and CMMI-1653550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006785","name":"Google","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Occupant identification proves crucial in many smart home applications such as automated home control and activity recognition. Previous solutions are limited in terms of deployment costs, identification accuracy, or usability. We propose\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            , a novel occupant identification solution that makes use of existing and prevalent on-object sensors that are originally designed to monitor the status of objects to which they are attached.\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            extracts richer information content from such on-object sensors and analyzes the data to accurately identify the person interacting with the objects. This approach is based on the physical phenomenon that different occupants interact with objects in different ways. Moreover,\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            may not rely on users\u2019 true identities, so the approach works even without labeled training data. However, resolution of information from a single on-object sensor may not be sufficient to differentiate occupants, which may lead to errors in identification. To overcome this problem,\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            operates over a sequence of events within a user activity, leveraging recent work on activity segmentation. We evaluate\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            using real-world experiments by deploying sensors on five distinct objects in a kitchen and inviting participants to interact with the objects. We demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>SenseTribute<\/jats:italic>\n            can correctly identify occupants in 96% of trials without labeled training data, while per-sensor identification yields only 74% accuracy even with training data.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3218584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T13:04:59Z","timestamp":1544015099000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Smart Home Occupant Identification via Sensor Fusion Across On-Object Devices"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal Kumar","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hae Young","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Tague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Analog Devices 2017. ADXL335 Datasheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/ADXL335.pdf.  Analog Devices 2017. ADXL335 Datasheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/ADXL335.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Arduino 2017. Arduino\/Genuino UNO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno.  Arduino 2017. Arduino\/Genuino UNO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517351.2517370"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/380995.380999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebastian D. Bersch Djamel Azzi Rinat Khusainov Ifeyinwa E. Achumba and Jana Ries. 2014. Sensor data acquisition and processing parameters for human activity classification. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/3\/4239.  Sebastian D. Bersch Djamel Azzi Rinat Khusainov Ifeyinwa E. Achumba and Jana Ries. 2014. Sensor data acquisition and processing parameters for human activity classification. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/3\/4239.","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1979.1163209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.554760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Cao Gadgets LLC. 2017. Wireless Sensor Tag System: Monitor Everything from the Internet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wirelesstag.net.  Cao Gadgets LLC. 2017. Wireless Sensor Tag System: Monitor Everything from the Internet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wirelesstag.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258533.258657"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3045725.3045726"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.119732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2674061.2674078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Deloitte. 2015. The Digital Predictions\u2014The Deloitte Consumer Review.  Deloitte. 2015. The Digital Predictions\u2014The Deloitte Consumer Review."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Ecolink. 2017. Ecolink Z-Wave Garage Door Tilt Sensor. Retrieved from http:\/\/discoverecolink.com\/product\/tiltzwave2-eco\/.  Ecolink. 2017. Ecolink Z-Wave Garage Door Tilt Sensor. Retrieved from http:\/\/discoverecolink.com\/product\/tiltzwave2-eco\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Martin Ester Hans-Peter Kriegel J\u00f6rg Sander and Xiaowei Xu. 1996. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters a density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise (KDD\u201996).  Martin Ester Hans-Peter Kriegel J\u00f6rg Sander and Xiaowei Xu. 1996. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters a density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise (KDD\u201996)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/415817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies. 220--225","author":"Gafurov D.","unstructured":"D. Gafurov , E. Snekkenes , and P. Bours . 2007. Gait authentication and identification using wearable accelerometer sensor . In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies. 220--225 . D. Gafurov, E. Snekkenes, and P. Bours. 2007. Gait authentication and identification using wearable accelerometer sensor. In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies. 220--225."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2906388.2906402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2426656.2426687"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199606)17:6<441::AID-SMJ819>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993422.2993429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1236360.1236395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"IEEE INFOCOM","author":"Kodeswaran P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"P. Kodeswaran , R. Kokku , M. Mallick , and S. Sen . 2016. Demultiplexing activities of daily living in IoT enabled smarthomes . In IEEE INFOCOM 2016 . P. Kodeswaran, R. Kokku, M. Mallick, and S. Sen. 2016. Demultiplexing activities of daily living in IoT enabled smarthomes. In IEEE INFOCOM 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1620754.1620843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.326620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1982.1056489"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"ICASSP","author":"Mantyjarvi J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. Mantyjarvi , M. Lindholm , E. Vildjiounaite , S. M. Makela , and H. A. Ailisto . 2005. Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers . In ICASSP 2005 . J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S. M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto. 2005. Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers. In ICASSP 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Mathworks. 2017. Entropy (Wavelet Package). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/wavelet\/ref\/wentropy.html.  Mathworks. 2017. Entropy (Wavelet Package). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/wavelet\/ref\/wentropy.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"MetaSensor: Meet Sensor-1.","year":"2017","unstructured":"MetaSensor 2017 . MetaSensor: Meet Sensor-1. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.metasensor.com\/. MetaSensor 2017. MetaSensor: Meet Sensor-1. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.metasensor.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Samsung: By","author":"Murphy Samantha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samantha Murphy . 2015 . Samsung: By 2020, All of Our Products Will be Connected to the Web. Retrieved from http:\/\/mashable.com\/2015\/01\/05\/samsung-internet-of-things\/#c3_K6GzxJ65N. Samantha Murphy. 2015. Samsung: By 2020, All of Our Products Will be Connected to the Web. Retrieved from http:\/\/mashable.com\/2015\/01\/05\/samsung-internet-of-things\/#c3_K6GzxJ65N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Notion 2017. Notion: Home Awareness Simplified. Retrieved from http:\/\/getnotion.com\/.  Notion 2017. Notion: Home Awareness Simplified. Retrieved from http:\/\/getnotion.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE 9061","author":"Pan Shijia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shijia Pan , Amelie Bonde , Jie Jing , Lin Zhang , Pei Zhang , and Hae Young Noh . 2014 . BOES: Building occupancy estimation system using sparse ambient vibration monitoring . In Proc. SPIE 9061 . Shijia Pan, Amelie Bonde, Jie Jing, Lin Zhang, Pei Zhang, and Hae Young Noh. 2014. BOES: Building occupancy estimation system using sparse ambient vibration monitoring. In Proc. SPIE 9061."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2699343.2699364"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1971.10482356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2674061.2674066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971691"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Samsung 2017. Samsung SmartThings Multipurpose Sensor. Retrieved from https:\/\/support.smartthings.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/205382174-Samsung-SmartThings-Multipurpose-Sensor.  Samsung 2017. Samsung SmartThings Multipurpose Sensor. Retrieved from https:\/\/support.smartthings.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/205382174-Samsung-SmartThings-Multipurpose-Sensor."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Essa","author":"Stillman Scott T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scott T. Stillman , Rawesak Tanawongsuwan , and Irfan A . Essa . 1998 . A System for Tracking and Recognizing Multiple People with Multiple Cameras. Technical Report. Georgia Institute of Technology . Scott T. Stillman, Rawesak Tanawongsuwan, and Irfan A. Essa. 1998. A System for Tracking and Recognizing Multiple People with Multiple Cameras. Technical Report. Georgia Institute of Technology."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"STMicroelectronics 2017. LPY503AL Datasheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.st.com\/web\/en\/resource\/technical\/document\/datasheet\/CD00237199.pdf.  STMicroelectronics 2017. LPY503AL Datasheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.st.com\/web\/en\/resource\/technical\/document\/datasheet\/CD00237199.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","author":"Ulusoy Hasan S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hasan S. Ulusoy , Erol Kalkan , Jon Peter B. Fletcher , Paul Friberg , W. K. Leith , and Krishna Banga . 2012 . Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States . In World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Hasan S. Ulusoy, Erol Kalkan, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, Paul Friberg, W. K. Leith, and Krishna Banga. 2012. Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States. In World Conference on Earthquake Engineering."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Average Number of People per Household in the United States from 1960 to","author":"U.S. Census Bureau 2017.","year":"2016","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau 2017. Average Number of People per Household in the United States from 1960 to 2016 . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/183648\/average-size-of-households-in-the-us\/. U.S. Census Bureau 2017. Average Number of People per Household in the United States from 1960 to 2016. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/183648\/average-size-of-households-in-the-us\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"WiWho: Wifi-based person identification in smart spaces","author":"Zeng Yunze","unstructured":"Yunze Zeng , Parth H. Pathak , and Prasant Mohapatra . 2016. WiWho: Wifi-based person identification in smart spaces ( ACM\/IEEE IPSN\u2019 16). Yunze Zeng, Parth H. Pathak, and Prasant Mohapatra. 2016. WiWho: Wifi-based person identification in smart spaces (ACM\/IEEE IPSN\u201916)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"2016 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS).","author":"Zhang J.","unstructured":"J. Zhang , B. Wei , W. Hu , and S. S. Kanhere . 2016. WiFi-ID: Human identification using WiFi signal . In 2016 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS). J. Zhang, B. Wei, W. Hu, and S. S. Kanhere. 2016. WiFi-ID: Human identification using WiFi signal. In 2016 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3218584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3218584","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3218584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:29:29Z","timestamp":1750285769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3218584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3218584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3218584","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}