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Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Control\n            <jats:italic>Cyber-Physical Systems<\/jats:italic>\n            (CPSs) constitute a major category of CPS. In control CPSs, in addition to the well-studied noises within the physical subsystem, we are interested in evaluating the impact of\n            <jats:italic>cross-domain noise<\/jats:italic>\n            : the noise that comes from the physical subsystem, propagates through the cyber subsystem, and goes back to the physical subsystem. Impact of cross-domain noise is hard to evaluate when the cyber subsystem is a black box, which cannot be explicitly modeled. To address this challenge, this article focuses on the two-level control CPS, a widely adopted control CPS architecture, and proposes an emulation based evaluation methodology framework. The framework uses hybrid model reachability to quantify the cross-domain noise impact, and exploits Lyapunov stability theories to reduce the evaluation benchmark size. We validated the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed framework on a representative control CPS testbed. Particularly, 24.1% of evaluation effort is saved using the proposed benchmark shrinking technology.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3226029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T12:10:50Z","timestamp":1536235850000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-Domain Noise Impact Evaluation for Black Box Two-Level Control CPS"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liansheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0517-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, McGill University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-011-0117-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6907580"},{"volume-title":"Convex Optimization","author":"Boyd Stephen","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Stephen Boyd and Lieven Vandenberghe . 2004. 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