{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1750221074127,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1505799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1505799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DGIST Research and Development Program (CPS Global Center) funded by the Ministry of Science"},{"name":"Intel-NSF Partnership for Cyber-Physical Systems Security and Privacy, Global Research Laboratory Program","award":["2013K1A1A2A02078326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013K1A1A2A02078326"]}]},{"name":"ICT 8 Future Planning"},{"name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"name":"Unrestricted Research Fund from Toyota InfoTechnology Center, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Safety-critical embedded systems often need to meet dependability requirements such as strict input\/output timing constraints. To meet the timing requirements, the code generation (e.g., C code) from timed models needs to determine the timing parameters that indicate when the code has to perform I\/O with its platform. We propose a novel framework to determine such timing parameters from platform-independent timed models. Our framework involves two transformations. The first transformation systematically extends the platform-independent model by explicitly modeling input\/output processing (e.g., sampling or interrupt-based) and the code invocation (e.g., periodic or aperiodic) mechanisms. Then, we verify if the resulting platform-specific model meets the timing requirements. In the case that the resulting model does not satisfy the timing requirements, we apply the second transformation to compensate the platform delay via adjusting the timing parameters at the code level. We formulate the adjustment mechanism using integer linear programming. If such an adjustment is feasible, generating the code with the new timing parameters guarantees the implemented system to meet the timing requirements. We validate our framework with case studies running on Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) infusion pump platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3230711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T12:22:28Z","timestamp":1565353348000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determining Timing Parameters for the Code Generation from Platform-Independent Timed Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baekgyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota InfoTechnology Center, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Sokolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Insup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2005.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879021.1879052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11603009_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(94)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(97)00173-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1450058.1450080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"TIMES: A tool for schedulability analysis and code generation of real-time systems. 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