{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:58:30Z","timestamp":1782356310242,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research on Blockchain Security Technology for IoT Services"},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["NRF-2017R1C1B5075742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1C1B5075742"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Information 8 communications Technology Promotion (IITP) Korea government","award":["B0717-16-0097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B0717-16-0097"]}]},{"name":"Development of V2X Service Integrated Security Technology for Autonomous Driving Vehicle"},{"name":"Institute for Information 8 communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["2018-0-00264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0-00264"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["(B)18H03240 and (C)18K11298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(B)18H03240 and (C)18K11298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61602526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61602526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019JJ50827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ50827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) now is one of the most important approach to instantiate asymmetric encryption and signature schemes, which has been extensively exploited to protect the security of cyber-physical systems. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), a great deal of constrained devices may require software implementations of ECC operations. Under this circumstances, the SM2, a set of public key cryptographic algorithms based on elliptic curves published by Chinese Commercial Cryptography Administration Office, was standardized at ISO in 2017 to enhance the cyber-security. However, few research works on the implementation of SM2 for constrained devices have been conducted. In this work, we fill this gap and propose our efficient, secure, and compact implementation of scalar multiplication on a 256-bit elliptic curve recommended by the SM2, as well as a comparison implementation of scalar multiplication on the same bit-length elliptic curve recommended by NIST. We re-design some existent techniques to fit the low-end IoT platform, namely 8-bit AVR processors, and our implementations evaluated on the desired platform show that the SM2 algorithms have competitive efficiency and security with NIST, which would work well to secure the IoT world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3236010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T19:55:16Z","timestamp":1554926116000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Lightweight Implementations of NIST P-256 and SM2 ECC on 8-bit Resource-Constraint Embedded Device"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer Science, University of Aizu, Aizu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer Science, University of Aizu, Aizu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sokjoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Security Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunciations Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwajeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Convergence Division, Hansung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Digital signature standard (DSS). 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SM2 elliptic curve public key algorithms."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/amc.2010.4.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11745853_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Progress in Cryptology\u2014AFRICACRYPT 2008 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","author":"Bernstein Daniel J.","unstructured":"Daniel J. Bernstein , Peter Birkner , Marc Joye , Tanja Lange , and Christiane Peters . 2008. Twisted Edwards curves . In Progress in Cryptology\u2014AFRICACRYPT 2008 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) , Vol. 5023 . Serge Vaudenay (Ed.). Springer Verlag , 389--405. Daniel J. Bernstein, Peter Birkner, Marc Joye, Tanja Lange, and Christiane Peters. 2008. Twisted Edwards curves. In Progress in Cryptology\u2014AFRICACRYPT 2008 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Vol. 5023. Serge Vaudenay (Ed.). 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Resistance against differential power analysis for elliptic curve cryptosystems. In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. \u00c7etin K. Ko\u00e7 and Christof Paar (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1717, Springer, Berlin, 292--302."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Atmel Corporation. November 2016. AVR Instruction Set Manual. Retrieved from http:\/\/ww1.microchip.com\/downloads\/en\/DeviceDoc\/Atmel-0856-AVR-Instruction-Set-Manual.pdf.  Atmel Corporation. November 2016. AVR Instruction Set Manual. 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