{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:22:27Z","timestamp":1774365747978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["48785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["48785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) offers rich opportunities for interaction. By varying stimulation parameters (amplitudes, pulse widths and frequencies), EMS can be used to either trigger muscle contractions, and so convey object affordances or guide user movements, or provide rich haptic feedback. However, the way users' experience changes with these parameters, and EMS in general, is poorly understood. Using a phenomenologically inspired interview technique, the explicitation interview, we study fifteen users' experience of EMS across 48 combinations of stimulation parameters. We synthesize the descriptions of EMS and relate stimulation parameters to categories of experience, such as 'temperature', 'motion', and 'sensitivity'. From the interviews, we explore more general topics in body-based interfaces, including the experience of control, metaphors for having your body actuated, and the relation between EMS parameters and perceived depth and location of sensations. These findings provide a vocabulary of EMS experience, and an insight into the relationship between specific parameters and associated sensations. In turn, this can help designers consider the user experience of EMS when developing interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3264928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T11:58:41Z","timestamp":1537358321000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Experiencing Electrical Muscle Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Knibbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Building H, Caulfield East, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Alsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen, Emil Holms Kanal 6, Copenhagen"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hornb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen, Emil Holms Kanal 6, Copenhagen"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. The qualitative report 2, 1","author":"Aronson Jodi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jodi Aronson . 1995. A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. The qualitative report 2, 1 ( 1995 ), 1--3. Jodi Aronson. 1995. A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. The qualitative report 2, 1 (1995), 1--3."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Sequential Analysis and Observational Methods for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Bakeman Roger","unstructured":"Roger Bakeman and Vicenc Quera . 2011. Sequential Analysis and Observational Methods for the Behavioral Sciences . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge . http:\/\/ebooks.cambridge.org\/ref\/id\/CBO9781139017343 Roger Bakeman and Vicenc Quera. 2011. Sequential Analysis and Observational Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http:\/\/ebooks.cambridge.org\/ref\/id\/CBO9781139017343"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901818"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3174910.3174951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807442.2807443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Describing onefis subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive sciences 5, 3-4","author":"Petitmengin Claire","year":"2006","unstructured":"Claire Petitmengin . 2006. Describing onefis subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive sciences 5, 3-4 ( 2006 ), 229--269. Claire Petitmengin. 2006. Describing onefis subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive sciences 5, 3-4 (2006), 229--269."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Haptic Feedback for Wearables and Textiles Based on Electrical Muscle Stimulation","author":"Pfeiffer Max","unstructured":"Max Pfeiffer and Michael Rohs . 2017. Haptic Feedback for Wearables and Textiles Based on Electrical Muscle Stimulation . Springer International Publishing , Cham , 103--137. Max Pfeiffer and Michael Rohs. 2017. Haptic Feedback for Wearables and Textiles Based on Electrical Muscle Stimulation. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 103--137."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2582051.2582099"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3174910.3174948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Research 8 Evaluation 20, 8 (April","author":"Sharpe Donald","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donald Sharpe . 2015. Your Chi-Square Test Is Statistically Significant: Now What? Practical Assessment , Research 8 Evaluation 20, 8 (April 2015 ). Donald Sharpe. 2015. Your Chi-Square Test Is Statistically Significant: Now What? Practical Assessment, Research 8 Evaluation 20, 8 (April 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"E Tufte. 2014. Sparkline theory and practice Edward Tufte. (2014).  E Tufte. 2014. Sparkline theory and practice Edward Tufte. (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"L'entretien d'explicitation","author":"Vermersch Pierre","unstructured":"Pierre Vermersch . 1994. L'entretien d'explicitation . Vol. 2003 . Esf Paris . Pierre Vermersch. 1994. L'entretien d'explicitation. Vol. 2003. Esf Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3123191"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3264928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3264928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:08:00Z","timestamp":1750212480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3264928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3264928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3264928","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}