{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:55:22Z","timestamp":1777661722945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inappropriate alcohol drinking may cause health and social problems. Although controlling the intake of alcohol is effective to solve the problem, it is laborious to track consumption manually. A system that automatically records the amount of alcohol consumption has a potential to improve behavior in drinking activities. Existing devices and systems support drinking activity detection and liquid intake estimation, but our target scenario requires the capability of determining the alcohol concentration of a beverage. We present Al-light, a smart ice cube to detect the alcohol concentration level of a beverage using an optical method. Al-light is the size of 31.9 x 38.6 x 52.6 mm and users can simply put it into a beverage for estimation. It embeds near infrared (1450 nm) and visible LEDs, and measures the magnitude of light absorption. Our device design integrates prior technology in a patent which exploits different light absorption properties between water and ethanol to determine alcohol concentration. Through our revisitation studies, we found that light at the wavelength of 1450 nm has strong distinguishability even with different types of commercially-available beverages. Our quantitative examinations on alcohol concentration estimation revealed that Al-light was able to achieve the estimation accuracy of approximately 2 % v\/v with 13 commercially-available beverages. Although our current approach needs a regressor to be trained for a particular ambient light condition or the sensor to be calibrated using measurements with water, it does not require beverage-dependent models unlike prior work. We then discuss four applications our current prototype supports and future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3264936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T11:58:41Z","timestamp":1537358321000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Al-light"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Matsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Interactive Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Interactive Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Interactive Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"The Social Context of Alcohol Use in Australia","author":"Ann Roche","unstructured":"Roche Ann , Bywood Petra , Freeman Toby , Pidd Ken , Borlagdan Joseph , and Allan Trifonoff . 2009. The Social Context of Alcohol Use in Australia . National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Adelaide, Australia. Roche Ann, Bywood Petra, Freeman Toby, Pidd Ken, Borlagdan Joseph, and Allan Trifonoff. 2009. The Social Context of Alcohol Use in Australia. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Adelaide, Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3090051"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Method and device for determining an alcohol content of liquids","volume":"8","author":"Benes Roman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roman Benes . 2012 . Method and device for determining an alcohol content of liquids , US Patent 8 , 106 ,361. (Jan. 2012). Roman Benes. 2012. Method and device for determining an alcohol content of liquids, US Patent 8,106,361. (Jan. 2012).","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2006.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2479516"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fict.2015.00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9931801167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29175-8_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3123153"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3123154"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"d.}. AOAC Official Method 957.03 Alcohol by","author":"International AOAC","year":"2018","unstructured":"AOAC International . {n. d.}. AOAC Official Method 957.03 Alcohol by Volume in Distilled Liquors. http:\/\/www.eoma.aoac.org\/methods\/info.asp?ID= 233 . ({n. d.}). ( Accessed on 2018 \/02\/08). AOAC International. {n. d.}. AOAC Official Method 957.03 Alcohol by Volume in Distilled Liquors. http:\/\/www.eoma.aoac.org\/methods\/info.asp?ID=233. ({n. d.}). (Accessed on 2018\/02\/08)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892498"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.PERVASIVEHEALTH2010.8906"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2009.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Daily fluctuations in self-control demands and alcohol intake. Psychology of addictive behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 19, 2 (June","author":"Muraven Mark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mark Muraven , R Lorraine Collins , Saul Shiffman , and Jean A Paty . 2005. Daily fluctuations in self-control demands and alcohol intake. Psychology of addictive behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 19, 2 (June 2005 ), 140--147. Mark Muraven, R Lorraine Collins, Saul Shiffman, and Jean A Paty. 2005. Daily fluctuations in self-control demands and alcohol intake. Psychology of addictive behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 19, 2 (June 2005), 140--147."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr138"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy: fundamentals, practical aspects and analytical applications. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 14 (04","author":"Pasquini Celio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Celio Pasquini . 2003. Near Infrared Spectroscopy: fundamentals, practical aspects and analytical applications. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 14 (04 2003 ), 198--219. http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext8pid=S0103-505320030002000068nrm=iso Celio Pasquini. 2003. Near Infrared Spectroscopy: fundamentals, practical aspects and analytical applications. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 14 (04 2003), 198--219. http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext8pid=S0103-505320030002000068nrm=iso"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2670241"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2994551.2994572"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"The International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). {n. d.}. Drinking Guidelines: General Population. available from &lt;http:\/\/www.iard.org\/policy-tables\/drinking-guidelines-general-population\/>. ({n. d.}).  The International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). {n. d.}. Drinking Guidelines: General Population. available from &lt;http:\/\/www.iard.org\/policy-tables\/drinking-guidelines-general-population\/>. 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