{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:19:15Z","timestamp":1784211555105,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1553376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1553376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM112697-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM112697-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Norms are central to how online communities are governed. Yet, norms are also emergent, arise from interaction, and can vary significantly between communities---making them challenging to study at scale. In this paper, we study community norms on Reddit in a large-scale, empirical manner. Via 2.8M comments removed by moderators of 100 top subreddits over 10 months, we use both computational and qualitative methods to identify three types of norms: macro norms that are universal to most parts of Reddit; meso norms that are shared across certain groups of subreddits; and micro norms that are specific to individual, relatively unique subreddits. Given the size of Reddit's user base---and the wide range of topics covered by different subreddits---we argue this represents the first large-scale census of the norms in broader internet culture. In other words, these findings shed light on what Reddit values, and how widely-held those values are. We conclude by discussing implications for the design of new and existing online communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3274301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T21:21:27Z","timestamp":1541107287000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["The Internet's Hidden Rules"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Eshwar","family":"Chandrasekharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Samory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shagun","family":"Jhaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Charvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Bruckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliff","family":"Lampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Eisenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"In Proc. Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-11)","author":"Bernstein Michael S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michael S Bernstein, Andr\u00e9s Monroy-hern\u00e1ndez, Drew Harry, Paul Andr\u00e9 Katrina Panovich, and Greg Vargas. 2011. 4chan and\/b: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community. In In Proc. Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-11)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Enriching word vectors with subword information. arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.04606","author":"Bojanowski Piotr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piotr Bojanowski, Edouard Grave, Armand Joulin, and Tomas Mikolov. 2016. Enriching word vectors with subword information. arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.04606 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1099203.1099205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The Secret Rules of the Internet. The Verge","author":"Buni Catherine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catherine Buni and Soraya Chemaly. 2016. The Secret Rules of the Internet. The Verge (2016). http:\/\/www.theverge. com\/2016\/4\/13\/11387934\/internet-moderator-history-youtube-facebook-reddit-censorship-free-speech"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134666"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Eighth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.","author":"Cheng Justin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Justin Cheng, Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, and Jure Leskovec. 2014. How community feedback shapes user behavior. In Eighth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Antisocial Behavior in Online Discussion Communities. In Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.","author":"Cheng Justin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Justin Cheng, Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, and Jure Leskovec. 2015. Antisocial Behavior in Online Discussion Communities. In Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology.","author":"Cialdini Robert B","unstructured":"Robert B Cialdini, Carl A Kallgren, and Raymond R Reno. 1991. A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. In Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 24. Elsevier, 201--234."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.6.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Robert B Cialdini and Melanie R Trost. 1998. Social influence: Social norms conformity and compliance. (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karthik Dinakar Roi Reichart and Henry Lieberman. 2011. Modeling the detection of Textual Cyberbullying.. In The Social Mobile Web. 11--17.","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v5i3.14209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"The darkest side of online harassment: Menacing behavior","author":"Drake Bruce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruce Drake. 2014. The darkest side of online harassment: Menacing behavior. Pew Research Center, http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/06\/01\/the-darkest-side-of-online-harassment-menacing-behavior\/ (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Online harassment: Summary of findings","author":"Duggan Maeve","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maeve Duggan. 2014. Online harassment: Summary of findings. Pew Research Center, http:\/\/www. pewinternet. org\/2014\/10\/22\/online-harassment\/(accessed 02 June 2015) (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI International Conference on Web and Social Media. ICWSM.","author":"Fiesler Casey","unstructured":"Casey Fiesler, Jialun \"Aaron\" Jiang, Joshua McCann, Kyle Frye, and Jed R. Brubaker. 2018. Reddit Rules! Characterizing an Ecosystem of Governance. In Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI International Conference on Web and Social Media. ICWSM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441866"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/540298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"ShagunJhaver LarryChan andAmyBruckman.2018.TheViewfromtheOtherSide:TheBorderBetweenControversial SpeechandHarassmentonKotakuinAction.FirstMonday23 2(2018). http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/ article\/view\/8232"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3185593"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Principal component analysis","author":"Jolliffe Ian T","unstructured":"Ian T Jolliffe. 1986. Principal component analysis and factor analysis. In Principal component analysis. Springer, 115--128."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-2068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Regulating behavior in online communities. Building Successful Online Communities: Evidence-Based Social Design","author":"Kiesler Sara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sara Kiesler, Robert Kraut, Paul Resnick, and Aniket Kittur. 2012. Regulating behavior in online communities. Building Successful Online Communities: Evidence-Based Social Design. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/555000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2003.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","author":"van der Maaten Laurens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laurens van der Maaten and Geoffrey Hinton. 2008. Visualizing data using t-SNE. Journal of machine learning research 9, Nov (2008), 2579--2605.","journal-title":"Journal of machine learning research 9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979366"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Governing the commons","author":"Ostrom Elinor","unstructured":"Elinor Ostrom. 2015. Governing the commons. Cambridge university press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2500980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21690"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Nitasha Tiku and Casey Newton. February 4 2015. Twitter CEO:\"We suck at dealing with abuse.\". The Verge (February 4 2015). http:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2015\/2\/4\/7982099\/twitter-ceo-sent-memo-taking-personal-responsibility-for-the"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Harry Charalambos Triandis. 1994. Culture and social behavior. (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","article-title":". Addressing Hoaxes and Fake News","author":"Adam Mosseri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adam Mosseri (VP, NewsFeed). December 15, 2016. Addressing Hoaxes and Fake News. Facebook Newsroom (December 15, 2016). https:\/\/newsroom.fb.com\/news\/2016\/12\/news-feed-fyi-addressing-hoaxes-and-fake-news\/","journal-title":"Facebook Newsroom"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-HLT). 697--702","author":"Xu Jun-Ming","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jun-Ming Xu, Benjamin Burchfiel, Xiaojin Zhu, and Amy Bellmore. 2013. An Examination of Regret in Bullying Tweets.. In Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-HLT). 697--702."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3274301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3274301","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3274301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:44:06Z","timestamp":1750207446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3274301"}},"subtitle":["An Empirical Study of Reddit Norm Violations at Micro, Meso, and Macro Scales"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3274301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3274301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}