{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:10:03Z","timestamp":1750209003193,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["644869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["644869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003033","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2013-40809-R,TIN2014-58457-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2013-40809-R,TIN2014-58457-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010067","name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T21-17R,T35-17D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T21-17R,T35-17D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scientific workflows enable scientists to undertake analysis on large datasets and perform complex scientific simulations. These workflows are often mapped onto distributed and parallel computational infrastructures to speed up their executions. Prior to its execution, a workflow structure may suffer transformations to accommodate the computing infrastructures, normally involving task clustering and partitioning. However, these transformations may cause workflow imbalance because of the difference between execution task times (runtime imbalance) or because of unconsidered data dependencies that lead to data locality issues (data imbalance). In this article, to mitigate these imbalances, we enhance the workflow lifecycle process in use by introducing a workflow imbalance phase that quantifies workflow imbalance after the transformations. Our technique is based on structural analysis of Petri nets, obtained by model transformation of a data-intensive workflow, and Linear Programming techniques. Our analysis can be used to assist workflow practitioners in finding more efficient ways of transforming and scheduling their workflows. Moreover, based on our analysis, we also propose a technique to mitigate workflow imbalance by data throttling. Our approach is based on autonomic computing principles that determine how data transmission must be throttled throughout workflow jobs. Our autonomic data-throttling approach mainly monitors the execution of the workflow and recompute data-throttling values when certain watchpoints are reached and time derivation is observed. We validate our approach by a formal proof and by simulations along with the Montage workflow. Our findings show that a dynamic data-throttling approach is feasible, does not introduce a significant overhead, and minimizes the usage of input buffers and network bandwidth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3278720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T14:11:11Z","timestamp":1557324671000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Dynamic Data-throttling Approach to Minimize Workflow Imbalance"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa, General Military Academy, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tolosana-calasanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. and Syst. Eng., University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omer F.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science 8 Informatics, Cardiff University, Roath, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE\u201902)","author":"Wil M.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Alexander Hirnschall, and H. M. W. (Eric) Verbeek. 2002. An alternative way to analyze workflow graphs . In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE\u201902) . Springer-Verlag, London, 535--552. Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Alexander Hirnschall, and H. M. W. (Eric) Verbeek. 2002. An alternative way to analyze workflow graphs. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE\u201902). Springer-Verlag, London, 535--552."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"M. Ajmone Marsan G. Balbo G. Conte S. Donatelli and G. Franceschinis. 1995a. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. John Wiley 8 Sons.   M. Ajmone Marsan G. Balbo G. Conte S. Donatelli and G. Franceschinis. 1995a. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. John Wiley 8 Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"M. Ajmone Marsan G. Balbo G. Conte S. Donatelli and G. Franceschinis. 1995b. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. John Wiley 8 Sons.   M. Ajmone Marsan G. Balbo G. Conte S. Donatelli and G. Franceschinis. 1995b. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. John Wiley 8 Sons."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC\u201902)","author":"Aversano L.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"L. Aversano , A. Cimitile , P. Gallucci , and M. L. Villani . 2002. FlowManager: A workflow management system based on Petri nets . In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC\u201902) . 1054--1059. L. Aversano, A. Cimitile, P. Gallucci, and M. L. Villani. 2002. FlowManager: A workflow management system based on Petri nets. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC\u201902). 1054--1059."},{"volume-title":"Workflows for e-Science, Ian J","author":"Berriman G. Bruce","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"G. Bruce Berriman , Ewa Deelman , John Good , Joseph C. Jacob , Daniel S. Katz , Anastasia C. Laity , Thomas A. Prince , Gurmeet Singh , and Mei-Hui Su. 2007. Generating complex astronomy workflows . In Workflows for e-Science, Ian J . Taylor, Ewa Deelman, Dennis B. Gannon, and Matthew Shields (Eds.). Springer , London , 19--38. G. Bruce Berriman, Ewa Deelman, John Good, Joseph C. Jacob, Daniel S. Katz, Anastasia C. Laity, Thomas A. Prince, Gurmeet Singh, and Mei-Hui Su. 2007. Generating complex astronomy workflows. In Workflows for e-Science, Ian J. Taylor, Ewa Deelman, Dennis B. Gannon, and Matthew Shields (Eds.). Springer, London, 19--38."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advances in Petri Nets","author":"Campos J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"J. Campos and M. Silva . 1992. Structural techniques and performance bounds of stochastic Petri net models . In Proceedings of the Advances in Petri Nets 1992 , G. Rozenberg (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 609. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 352--391. J. Campos and M. Silva. 1992. Structural techniques and performance bounds of stochastic Petri net models. In Proceedings of the Advances in Petri Nets 1992, G. Rozenberg (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 609. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 352--391."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSD.2009.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UKSIM.2008.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2014.09.014"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM\u201993)","author":"Chiola G.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"G. Chiola , C. Anglano , J. Campos , J. M. Colom , and M. Silva . 1993. Operational analysis of timed Petri nets and application to the computation of performance bounds . In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM\u201993) . IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 128--137. G. Chiola, C. Anglano, J. Campos, J. M. Colom, and M. Silva. 1993. Operational analysis of timed Petri nets and application to the computation of performance bounds. In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM\u201993). IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 128--137."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Pegasus: Mapping large-scale workflows to distributed resources. In Workflows for eScience","author":"Deelman E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"E. Deelman , G. Mehta , G. Singh , M. Su , and K. Vahi . 2007 . Pegasus: Mapping large-scale workflows to distributed resources. In Workflows for eScience . Springer , 376--394. E. Deelman, G. Mehta, G. Singh, M. Su, and K. Vahi. 2007. Pegasus: Mapping large-scale workflows to distributed resources. In Workflows for eScience. 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