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Owing to flexibility in cloud services, numerous organizations are shifting their business to the cloud and service providers are establishing more data centers to provide services to users. However, it is essential to provide cost-effective execution of tasks and proper utilization of resources. Several techniques have been reported in the literature to improve performance and resource use based on load balancing, task scheduling, resource management, quality of service, and workload management. Load balancing in the cloud allows data centers to avoid overloading\/underloading in virtual machines, which itself is a challenge in the field of cloud computing. Therefore, it becomes a necessity for developers and researchers to design and implement a suitable load balancer for parallel and distributed cloud environments. This survey presents a state-of-the-art review of issues and challenges associated with existing load-balancing techniques for researchers to develop more effective algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3281010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T20:40:21Z","timestamp":1549399221000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":241,"title":["Issues and Challenges of Load Balancing Techniques in Cloud Computing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1785-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NITTTR, Chandigarh, India"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NITTTR, Chandigarh, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Scheduling techniques in on-demand grid as a service cloud: A review","volume":"63","author":"Abdulhamid Shafi Muhammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical 8 Applied Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"A multidimensional unfolding method based on Bayes","author":"Agostini G. 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