{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:28:36Z","timestamp":1775255316006,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3283207.3283210","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1540195707000},"page":"29-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Multi-layer CRF Based Methodology for Improving Crowdsourced Street Semantics"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Musfira","family":"Jilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padraig","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Bertolotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"{n. d.}. OSM Highway Tag Statistics. https:\/\/taginfo.openstreetmap.org\/keys\/highwayvalues. https:\/\/taginfo.openstreetmap.org\/keys\/highwayvalues Accessed: 2015-04-19. {n. d.}. OSM Highway Tag Statistics. https:\/\/taginfo.openstreetmap.org\/keys\/highwayvalues. https:\/\/taginfo.openstreetmap.org\/keys\/highwayvalues Accessed: 2015-04-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"{n. d.}. OSM Key:Highway. http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Key:highway.http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Key:highway Accessed: 2014-06-18. {n. d.}. OSM Key:Highway. http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Key:highway.http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Key:highway Accessed: 2014-06-18."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"A two-layer Conditional Random Field model for simultaneous classification of land cover and land use. ISPRS-International Archives of the Photogrammetry","volume":"1","author":"Albert L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33786-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition","author":"Andres Bj\u00f6rn","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16788-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Semantifying OpenStreetMap. In Proceedings of the 5th International Terra Cognita Workshop. Citeseer, 39--50","author":"Baglatzi Alkyoni","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.969114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2820783.2820822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padraig Corcoran Peter Mooney and Michela Bertolotto. 2015. Linear street extraction using a Conditional Random Field model. Spatial Statistics (2015) --. Padraig Corcoran Peter Mooney and Michela Bertolotto. 2015. Linear street extraction using a Conditional Random Field model. Spatial Statistics (2015) --.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Gerry Forbes. 2000. Urban roadway classification: Before the design begins. Transportation research circular E C019 (2000). Gerry Forbes. 2000. Urban roadway classification: Before the design begins. Transportation research circular E C019 (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2010.01203.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM Greig BT Porteous and Allan H Seheult. 1989. Exact maximum a posteriori estimation for binary images. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) (1989) 271--279. DM Greig BT Porteous and Allan H Seheult. 1989. Exact maximum a posteriori estimation for binary images. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) (1989) 271--279.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1989.tb01764.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mordichai Haklay. 2010. How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets. Environment and planning 37 4 (2010) 682--703. Mordichai Haklay. 2010. How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets. Environment and planning 37 4 (2010) 682--703.","DOI":"10.1068\/b35097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"CVPR 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on","volume":"2","author":"He Xuming","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2533828.2533833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2666310.2666476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Musfira Jilani Padraig Corcoran and Michela Bertolotto. 2016. Probabilistic Graphical Modelling for Semantic Labelling of Crowdsourced Map Data. In Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications Stefano Berretti Sabu M. Thampi and Soura Dasgupta (Eds.). Number 385 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing 213--224. http: \/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-23258-4_19 Musfira Jilani Padraig Corcoran and Michela Bertolotto. 2016. Probabilistic Graphical Modelling for Semantic Labelling of Crowdsourced Map Data. In Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications Stefano Berretti Sabu M. Thampi and Soura Dasgupta (Eds.). Number 385 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing 213--224. http: \/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-23258-4_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-008-0202-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Daphne Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques. MIT press. Daphne Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2012.01304.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"John Lafferty Andrew McCallum and Fernando CN Pereira. 2001. Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. (2001). John Lafferty Andrew McCallum and Fernando CN Pereira. 2001. Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Advancing Geoinformation Science for a Changing World","author":"Ludwig Ina"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon McCalla Jim Greer Bryce Barrie and Paul Pospisil. 1992. Granularity hierarchies. Computers &amp; Mathematics with Applications 23 2 (1992) 363--375. Gordon McCalla Jim Greer Bryce Barrie and Paul Pospisil. 1992. Granularity hierarchies. Computers &amp; Mathematics with Applications 23 2 (1992) 363--375.","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(92)90148-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Peter Mooney and Adam C Winstanley. 2015. Is VGI Big Data? GIS Research UK Leeds (2015). Peter Mooney and Adam C Winstanley. 2015. Is VGI Big Data? GIS Research UK Leeds (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 467--475","author":"Murphy Kevin P","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19030\/jbcs.v10i1.8324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, 931--939","author":"Rahman Altaf","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Computer Vision-ECCV","author":"Tighe Joseph","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Vincent Van Asch. 2013. Macro-and micro-averaged evaluation measures {{basic draft}}. (2013). Vincent Van Asch. 2013. Macro-and micro-averaged evaluation measures {{basic draft}}. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Ying Yang Wolfgang F\u00f6rstner and Martin Drauschke. 2010. Hierarchical Conditional Random Field for Multi-class Image Classification.. In VISAPP (2). 464--469. Michael Ying Yang Wolfgang F\u00f6rstner and Martin Drauschke. 2010. Hierarchical Conditional Random Field for Multi-class Image Classification.. In VISAPP (2). 464--469.","DOI":"10.5220\/0002877404640469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2011.10.002"}],"event":{"name":"SIGSPATIAL '18: 26th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","location":"Seattle WA USA","acronym":"SIGSPATIAL '18","sponsor":["SIGSPATIAL ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3283207.3283210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3283207.3283210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:07:30Z","timestamp":1775250450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3283207.3283210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3283207.3283210","10.1145\/3283207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3283207.3283210","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}