{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:25:12Z","timestamp":1773937512174,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["FPU17\/01252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU17\/01252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3284179.3284348","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T13:07:27Z","timestamp":1542287247000},"page":"984-990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gender gap in the STEM sector in pre and university studies of Europe associated with ethnic factors"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Verdugo-Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIAL Research Group, Research Institute for Educational Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Cruz","family":"S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIAL Research Group, Research Institute for Educational Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Holgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIAL Research Group, Research Institute for Educational Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"A. Rossi and M. Barajas. 2015. Gender imbalances in STEM career choice. ENSE\u00d1ANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS. Investigaciones did\u00e1cticas.  A. Rossi and M. Barajas. 2015. Gender imbalances in STEM career choice. ENSE\u00d1ANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS. Investigaciones did\u00e1cticas."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.M. Bleeker and J. Jacobs. 2004. Achievement in Math and Science: do Mothers' Beliefs Matter 12 Years later? 96 1 (2004) 97--109.  M.M. Bleeker and J. Jacobs. 2004. Achievement in Math and Science: do Mothers' Beliefs Matter 12 Years later? 96 1 (2004) 97--109.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.96.1.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Shards of Glass. Children Reading & Writing beyond Gendered Identities","author":"Davies B.","unstructured":"B. Davies . 2003. Shards of Glass. Children Reading & Writing beyond Gendered Identities . Hampton Press . B. Davies. 2003. Shards of Glass. Children Reading & Writing beyond Gendered Identities. Hampton Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"M. L\u00f3pez. 1995. La elecci\u00f3n de una carrera t\u00edpicamente femenina o masculina desde una perspectiva psicosocial: an\u00e1lisis de las influencias de g\u00e9nero.  M. L\u00f3pez. 1995. La elecci\u00f3n de una carrera t\u00edpicamente femenina o masculina desde una perspectiva psicosocial: an\u00e1lisis de las influencias de g\u00e9nero."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01425690120067980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0013188980400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Schooling the boys. Masculinities and Primary Education","author":"Skelton C.","unstructured":"C. Skelton . 2001. Schooling the boys. Masculinities and Primary Education . Open University Press . C. Skelton. 2001. Schooling the boys. Masculinities and Primary Education. Open University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093","author":"C.","unstructured":"C. Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez et al. 2018. Gender and Engineering: Developing Actions to Encourage Women in Tech . 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093 . C. Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez et al. 2018. Gender and Engineering: Developing Actions to Encourage Women in Tech. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Facts and figures of the Spanish university system.: 2018. www.mecd.gob.es\/dms\/mecd\/educacion-mecd\/areas-educacion\/universidades\/estadisticas-informes\/datos-cifras\/Datos-y-Cifras-del- SUE-Curso-2014-2015.pdf.  Facts and figures of the Spanish university system.: 2018. www.mecd.gob.es\/dms\/mecd\/educacion-mecd\/areas-educacion\/universidades\/estadisticas-informes\/datos-cifras\/Datos-y-Cifras-del- SUE-Curso-2014-2015.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 718--725","author":"O.","unstructured":"O. Dele-Ajayi et al. 2018. Exploring Digital Careers, Stereotypes and Diversity with Young People through Game Design and Implementation . 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 718--725 . O. Dele-Ajayi et al. 2018. Exploring Digital Careers, Stereotypes and Diversity with Young People through Game Design and Implementation. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 718--725."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684312459328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Cheryan etal 2015. Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers: increasing girls' interest in computer science and engineering by diversifying stereotypes. Frontiers in psychology. 6 (2015).  S. Cheryan et al. 2015. Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers: increasing girls' interest in computer science and engineering by diversifying stereotypes. Frontiers in psychology. 6 (2015).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Garris and R. Ahlers. 2002. Games motivation and learning: A research and practice model. Simulation & gaming. 33 4 (2002) 441--467.  R. Garris and R. Ahlers. 2002. Games motivation and learning: A research and practice model. Simulation & gaming. 33 4 (2002) 441--467.","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878102238607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1140--1144","author":"Pancratz N.","unstructured":"N. Pancratz and I. Diethelm . 2018. Including Part-Whole-Thinking in a Girls' Engineering Course through the Use of littleBits. A Practical Report on Including Part-Whole-Thinking into the Content of Computer Science Education . 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1140--1144 . N. Pancratz and I. Diethelm. 2018. Including Part-Whole-Thinking in a Girls' Engineering Course through the Use of littleBits. A Practical Report on Including Part-Whole-Thinking into the Content of Computer Science Education. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1140--1144."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of ICEE 08","author":"Zimmermann L.","unstructured":"L. Zimmermann and G. Sprung . 2008. Technology is Female: How Girls Can Be Motivated to Learn Programming and Take up Technical Studies through Adaptations of the Curriculum, Changes in Didactics, and Optimized Interface Design . In Proceedings of ICEE 08 . L. Zimmermann and G. Sprung. 2008. Technology is Female: How Girls Can Be Motivated to Learn Programming and Take up Technical Studies through Adaptations of the Curriculum, Changes in Didactics, and Optimized Interface Design. In Proceedings of ICEE 08."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2018.8363497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1553--1560","author":"A.","unstructured":"A. Garc\u00eda-Holgado et al. 2018. Inclusion of gender perspective in Computer Engineering careers. Elaboration of a questionnaire to assess the gender gap in Tertiary Education . 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1553--1560 . A. Garc\u00eda-Holgado et al. 2018. Inclusion of gender perspective in Computer Engineering careers. Elaboration of a questionnaire to assess the gender gap in Tertiary Education. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 1553--1560."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Jefatura del Estado. 2007. LEY ORG\u00c1NICA 3\/2007 de 22 de marzo para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres. Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado.  Jefatura del Estado. 2007. LEY ORG\u00c1NICA 3\/2007 de 22 de marzo para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres. Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"2017. Diagn\u00f3stico Previo. Plan de Igualdad de Oportunidades entre Mujeres y Hombres de la UVa 2016-2020. Universidad de Valladolid.  2017. Diagn\u00f3stico Previo. Plan de Igualdad de Oportunidades entre Mujeres y Hombres de la UVa 2016-2020. Universidad de Valladolid."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"2014. II Informe de situaci\u00f3n sobre la presencia equilibrada de mujeres y hombres en la Universidad de Salamanca 2007-2013. Universidad de Salamanca.  2014. II Informe de situaci\u00f3n sobre la presencia equilibrada de mujeres y hombres en la Universidad de Salamanca 2007-2013. Universidad de Salamanca."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Gender in the Global Research Landscape","unstructured":"Elsevier Foundation. 2017. Gender in the Global Research Landscape . Elsevier . Elsevier Foundation. 2017. Gender in the Global Research Landscape. Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Bonet i Mart\u00ed","author":"Biglia B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"B. Biglia and J. Bonet i Mart\u00ed . 2017 . DIY : Towards feminist methodological practices in social research. 13, (2017). B. Biglia and J. Bonet i Mart\u00ed. 2017. DIY: Towards feminist methodological practices in social research. 13, (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"P. Paderewski etal 2015. Acercando las mujeres a la ingenier\u00eda: iniciativas y estrategias que favorecen su inclusi\u00f3n. XVI Congreso Internacional de Interacci\u00f3n Persona-Ordenador \/ Workshop Engendering Technology (II). 319--326.  P. Paderewski et al. 2015. Acercando las mujeres a la ingenier\u00eda: iniciativas y estrategias que favorecen su inclusi\u00f3n. XVI Congreso Internacional de Interacci\u00f3n Persona-Ordenador \/ Workshop Engendering Technology (II). 319--326."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Diversity and Inclusion in Engineering Education: Looking Through the Gender Question. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2077--2081","author":"Peixoto A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Peixoto 2018 . Diversity and Inclusion in Engineering Education: Looking Through the Gender Question. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2077--2081 . A. Peixoto et al. 2018. Diversity and Inclusion in Engineering Education: Looking Through the Gender Question. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2077--2081."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.C. Rodr\u00edguez etal 2014. Rendimiento en la PAU y elecci\u00f3n de estudios Cient\u00edfico-Tecnol\u00f3gicos en raz\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero. REOP-Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Orientaci\u00f3n y Psicopedagog\u00eda. 25 1 (2014) 111--127.  M.C. Rodr\u00edguez et al. 2014. Rendimiento en la PAU y elecci\u00f3n de estudios Cient\u00edfico-Tecnol\u00f3gicos en raz\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero. REOP-Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Orientaci\u00f3n y Psicopedagog\u00eda. 25 1 (2014) 111--127.","DOI":"10.5944\/reop.vol.25.num.1.2014.12016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Rochester Institute of Technology: 2018. https:\/\/www.rit.edu\/kgcoe\/women\/highlight\/encouraging-more-girls-choose-career-engineering.  Rochester Institute of Technology: 2018. https:\/\/www.rit.edu\/kgcoe\/women\/highlight\/encouraging-more-girls-choose-career-engineering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Universidad de Michigan: 2018. http:\/\/www.wise.umich.edu.  Universidad de Michigan: 2018. http:\/\/www.wise.umich.edu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Inspiring Girls Now In Technology","author":"IGNITE.","year":"2018","unstructured":"IGNITE. Inspiring Girls Now In Technology : 2018 . http:\/\/www.igniteworldwide.org\/ IGNITE. Inspiring Girls Now In Technology: 2018. http:\/\/www.igniteworldwide.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Technovation Challenge.: 2018. http:\/\/technovationchallenge.org\/.  Technovation Challenge.: 2018. http:\/\/technovationchallenge.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Proyecto europeo ICT-Go-Girls! http:\/\/www.ictgogirls.eu\/ Informe de la pol\u00edtica de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea respecto a la igualdad de g\u00e9nero.: 2018. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/swafs\/index.cfm?pg=policy&lib=gender.  Proyecto europeo ICT-Go-Girls! http:\/\/www.ictgogirls.eu\/ Informe de la pol\u00edtica de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea respecto a la igualdad de g\u00e9nero.: 2018. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/swafs\/index.cfm?pg=policy&lib=gender."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"FESTA (Female Empowerment in Science and Technology Academia): 2018. http:\/\/www.festa-europa.eu\/.  FESTA (Female Empowerment in Science and Technology Academia): 2018. http:\/\/www.festa-europa.eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Genis-Lab (The Gender in Science and Technology Lab): 2018. http:\/\/www.genislab-fp7.eu\/.  Genis-Lab (The Gender in Science and Technology Lab): 2018. http:\/\/www.genislab-fp7.eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Proyecto HELENA (Higher Education Leading to Engineering and Scientific Careers): 2018. http:\/\/www.fp7-helena.org.  Proyecto HELENA (Higher Education Leading to Engineering and Scientific Careers): 2018. http:\/\/www.fp7-helena.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Proyecto TWIST (Towards Women in Science and Technologies): 2018. http:\/\/www.the-twist-project.eu\/.  Proyecto TWIST (Towards Women in Science and Technologies): 2018. http:\/\/www.the-twist-project.eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Proyecto WISAT (Women in Global Science and Technologies).: 2018. http:\/\/wisat.org\/.  Proyecto WISAT (Women in Global Science and Technologies).: 2018. http:\/\/wisat.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093","author":"C.","unstructured":"C. Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez et al. 2018. Gender and Engineering: Developing Actions to Encourage Women in Tech . 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093 . C. Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez et al. 2018. Gender and Engineering: Developing Actions to Encourage Women in Tech. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2088--2093."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Ethical guidelines for educational research","unstructured":"2011. Ethical guidelines for educational research . BERA British Educational Research Association . 2011. Ethical guidelines for educational research. BERA British Educational Research Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"M. Torres K. Paz and F. Salazar. 2006. Tama\u00f1o de una muestra para una investigaci\u00f3n de mercado. Universidad Rafael Land\u00edvar: Bolet\u00edn electr\u00f3nico {en l\u00ednea}. 2018. http:\/\/www.tec.url.edu. gt\/boletin\/URL_02_BAS02. pdf.  M. Torres K. Paz and F. Salazar. 2006. Tama\u00f1o de una muestra para una investigaci\u00f3n de mercado. Universidad Rafael Land\u00edvar: Bolet\u00edn electr\u00f3nico {en l\u00ednea}. 2018. http:\/\/www.tec.url.edu. gt\/boletin\/URL_02_BAS02. pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez et al","author":"C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. C. S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez et al . 2012 . El proceso de la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa. Manual de procedimiento: ejemplificaci\u00f3n con una tesis doctoral. Editorial Edintras . M.C. S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez et al. 2012. El proceso de la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa. Manual de procedimiento: ejemplificaci\u00f3n con una tesis doctoral. Editorial Edintras."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. King etal 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research.  G. King et al. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400821211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"M.C. Delgado. 2014. Viajando a \u00cdtaca por mares cuantitativos: manual de ruta para investigar en grado y postgrado. Amar\u00fa.  M.C. Delgado. 2014. Viajando a \u00cdtaca por mares cuantitativos: manual de ruta para investigar en grado y postgrado. Amar\u00fa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.C. S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez and M.V. Mart\u00edn-Cilleros. 2017. Implementation of focus group in health research. Computer Supported Qualitative Research. Springer Cham. 49--61.  M.C. S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez and M.V. Mart\u00edn-Cilleros. 2017. Implementation of focus group in health research. Computer Supported Qualitative Research. Springer Cham. 49--61.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43271-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Mart\u00edn-Cilleros et al","author":"V.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. V. Mart\u00edn-Cilleros et al . 2017 . Assessment of a technological education design to prevent school dropout. RISTI-Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o . (2017), 61--67. M.V. Mart\u00edn-Cilleros et al. 2017. Assessment of a technological education design to prevent school dropout. RISTI-Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o. (2017), 61--67."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14201\/eks.11641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3144826.3145440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seminarios del Programa de Doctorado en Formaci\u00f3n en la Sociedad del Conocimiento (16 de noviembre de 2017)","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1alvo F. J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. J. Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1alvo . 2017 . Education in the Knowledge Society PhD Programme. 2017 Kick-off Meeting . In Proceedings of the Seminarios del Programa de Doctorado en Formaci\u00f3n en la Sociedad del Conocimiento (16 de noviembre de 2017) (Salamanca, Espa\u00f1a 2017). Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n. F. J. Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1alvo. 2017. Education in the Knowledge Society PhD Programme. 2017 Kick-off Meeting. In Proceedings of the Seminarios del Programa de Doctorado en Formaci\u00f3n en la Sociedad del Conocimiento (16 de noviembre de 2017) (Salamanca, Espa\u00f1a2017). Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n."}],"event":{"name":"TEEM'18: Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality","location":"Salamanca Spain","acronym":"TEEM'18","sponsor":["University of Salamanca University of Salamanca"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3284179.3284348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3284179.3284348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:43:48Z","timestamp":1750207428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3284179.3284348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3284179.3284348","10.1145\/3284179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3284179.3284348","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}